Omics and Bioinformatics Approaches to Identify Novel Antigens for Vaccine Investigation and Development

Leitão, Jorge H.; Rodríguez-Ortega, Manuel J.

doi:10.3390/vaccines8040653

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Quantum vaccinomics is a novel platform proposed for the identification and combination of antigen-protective epitopes for the development of more effective vaccines, even if applied to antigens that appear to be good candidates but offer low protection after challenges [29,36,41]. This approach focuses on the characterization of molecular interactions between host and pathogen using omics technologies [42] by identifying and characterizing immunogenic and protective epitopes as well as protein interaction domains as new strategies for the design and production of chimeric vaccine antigens [29,43,44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Correlation between Subolesin-Reactive Epitopes and Vaccine Efficacy

Contreras

Kasaija

Kabi³

et al. 2022

Vaccines

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Vaccination is an environmentally-friendly alternative for tick control. The tick antigen Subolesin (SUB) has shown protection in vaccines for the control of multiple tick species in cattle. Additionally, recent approaches in quantum vaccinomics have predicted SUB-protective epitopes and the peptide sequences involved in protein–protein interactions in this tick antigen. Therefore, the identification of B-cell–reactive epitopes by epitope mapping using a SUB peptide array could be essential as a novel strategy for vaccine development. Subolesin can be used as a model to evaluate the effectiveness of these approaches for the identification of protective epitopes related to vaccine protection and efficacy. In this study, the mapping of B-cell linear epitopes of SUB from three different tick species common in Uganda (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, R. decoloratus, and Amblyomma variegatum) was conducted using serum samples from two cattle breeds immunized with SUB-based vaccines. The results showed that in cattle immunized with SUB from R. appendiculatus (SUBra) all the reactive peptides (Z-score > 2) recognized by IgG were also significant (Z-ratio > 1.96) when compared to the control group. Additionally, some of the reactive peptides recognized by IgG from the control group were also recognized in SUB cocktail–immunized groups. As a significant result, cattle groups that showed the highest vaccine efficacy were Bos indicus immunized with a SUB cocktail (92%), and crossbred cattle were immunized with SUBra (90%) against R. appendiculatus ticks; the IgG from these groups recognized overlapping epitopes from the peptide SPTGLSPGLSPVRDQPLFTFRQVGLICERMMKERESQIRDEYDHVLSAKLAEQYDTFVKFTYDQKRFEGATPSYLS (Z-ratio > 1.96), which partially corresponded to a Q38 peptide and the SUB protein interaction domain. These identified epitopes could be related to the protection and efficacy of the SUB-based vaccines, and new chimeras containing these protective epitopes could be designed using this new approach.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Correlation between Subolesin-Reactive Epitopes and Vaccine Efficacy

Contreras

Kasaija

Kabi³

et al. 2022

Vaccines

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“…For instance, bacteria could be integrated with synthetic biology to express desired drugs that directly act at disease sites. [ 160 ] In addition, bacteria with natural immunogenicity could activate the innate immune system to treat various diseases through vaccination. Several living‐attenuated or dead bacteria‐based vaccines have already been approved by FDA, including the Mycobacterium bovis BCG for cancer and Vibrio cholerae CVD 103‐HgR for cholera.…”

Section: Microbial Modulation and Clinical Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemically and Biologically Engineered Bacteria‐Based Delivery Systems for Emerging Diagnosis and Advanced Therapy

et al. 2021

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Bacteria are one of the main groups of organisms, which dynamically and closely participate in human health and disease development. With the integration of chemical biotechnology, bacteria have been utilized as an emerging delivery system for various biomedical applications. Given the unique features of bacteria such as their intrinsic biocompatibility and motility, bacteria‐based delivery systems have drawn wide interest in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, kidney failure, and hyperammonemia. Notably, at the interface of chemical biotechnology and bacteria, many research opportunities have been initiated, opening a promising frontier in biomedical application. Herein, the current synergy of chemical biotechnology and bacteria, the design principles for bacteria‐based delivery systems, the microbial modulation, and the clinical translation are reviewed, with a special focus on the emerging advances in diagnosis and therapy.

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“…Recent advances in the identification of immunogenic determinants have been achieved, with impressive developments, as is the case for immunopeptidomics. A wide range of delivery systems have been developed so far, from variolation in ancient China dating back to the 15th century to the most advanced viral vectors and RNA vaccines currently used for the development of COVID-19 vaccines in the 21st century [1,2]. In this Special Issue, we present articles focused on innovative methods for the identification of immunogenic determinants from microbial pathogens, irrespective of their biochemical nature or antigen presentation pathway.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%