Omics analysis in nutrition science

Abstract

The prevalence of diseases affecting human health related to the environment and inadequate nutrition is high. Strategies that seek to mitigate them have focused on lifestyle changes and healthy nutrition focusing on general guidelines that do not benefit all individuals. Therefore, new omics approaches have been proposed. The word "omics" is used as a suffix in molecular biology and consists of the study, quantification, identification and characterization of the whole or a set of molecules involved in the structure, function and dynamics of a cell, tissue or organism. Mainly genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. In this regard, human nutriomics combines food sciences with omics focused on the genome of each individual, in order to take advantage of interindividuality to promote nutritional strategies that prevent, manage and treat diseases and optimize health. However, these novel tools present challenges when implementing them and interpreting their results, so it is recommended to continue conducting research in the area and training in the management of techniques and interpretation of results for the full exploitation of nutrition in the future. This article aims to provide health professionals with general information on the different omics approaches involved in nutritional sciences in order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms focused on personalized nutrition.