Omicron neutralizing antibody response following booster vaccination compared with breakthrough infection

Curlin, Marcel E.; Bates, Timothy A.; Guzman, Gaelen; Schoen, Devin; McBride, Savannah K.; Carpenter, Samuel D.; Tafesse, Fikadu G.

doi:10.1016/j.medj.2022.09.001

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…After waning of S-antibody levels, further booster doses increase S-antibody levels again. We observed a marked increase in GMC shortly following the first booster compared to the primary series and a further increase after the second booster dose in line with previous findings (5,11,(19)(20)(21)(22). However, the increase in GMC shortly following the second booster compared to the first booster was much smaller.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

COVID-19 vaccination-induced antibody responses and waning by age and comorbidity status in a large population-based prospective cohort study

Hoeve,

Huiberts,

de Gier

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Information on the magnitude and duration of antibody levels after COVID-19 vaccination in different groups may be useful for prioritizing of additional vaccinations. Methods Serum samples were collected every six months in a prospective cohort study among adults in the Netherlands. Geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of antibodies against the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were calculated after the primary series, first, and second booster vaccinations. Effects of age (18-59 vs 60-85 years) and medical risk conditions on GMC 2-6 weeks and 21-25 weeks after each vaccination, and on waning during 3-25 weeks after each vaccination, were estimated by linear regression. Results We included 20,816, 16,820 and 5,879 samples collected after primary, first and second booster vaccination, respectively. GMCs at 2-6 and 21-25 weeks after primary series were lower in participants with older age or medical risk conditions. After the first booster, older age was associated with lower GMC at 2-6 weeks, higher GMC at 21-25 weeks, and slower waning. GMCs or waning after the first and second boosters (only 60-85) were not associated with medical risk conditions. Conclusions Since antibody differences by age and medical risk groups have become small with increasing number of doses, other factors such as disease severity rather than antibody levels are useful for prioritization of additional vaccinations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

COVID-19 vaccination-induced antibody responses and waning by age and comorbidity status in a large population-based prospective cohort study

Hoeve,

Huiberts,

de Gier

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The reason why the HD patients acquired a strong humoral response through breakthrough infection may be that HD patients have impaired immune defenses compared to control patients [ 10 ]. Similar to the HD patients in this study, kidney transplant recipients have significantly higher serologic responses after infection compared to after vaccination [ 11 ], whereas in the general population, the serologic responses after infection and after vaccination are similar [ 5 ]. Furthermore, kidney transplant recipients with mild COVID-19 infection had a stronger serologic response compared to healthy controls [ 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…To plan appropriate booster immunizations for HD patients with post-breakthrough infections, accurate assessment of the patients’ post-breakthrough immune status is important. Although some studies have demonstrated higher antibody titers following breakthrough infections when compared to those after booster immunization [ 5 ], antibody titers in HD patients remain unclear. Moreover, although antibody titers are commonly used to evaluate patients’ immune status against SARS-CoV-2, cellular immunity is crucial, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, such as HD patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses after Breakthrough Infection in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

et al. 2023

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) following primary immunization (breakthrough infection) has been reported in hemodialysis patients; however, their post-infection immune status remains unclear. We evaluated the humoral and cellular immunity of hemodialysis patients after breakthrough infection. Hemodialysis patients who had received primary immunization against COVID-19 at least six months prior to the study but developed mild/moderate COVID-19 before a booster dose (breakthrough infection group) and hemodialysis patients who were not infected with COVID-19 but received a booster dose (booster immunization group) were recruited. In both groups, SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific cytokines and IgG levels were measured three weeks after infection or three weeks after receiving a booster dose. Memory T and B cells were also counted in the breakthrough infection group using flow cytometry three weeks after infection. Significantly higher SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific IgG, IFN-γ, IL-5, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels occurred in the breakthrough infection group compared to the booster immunization group (p = 0.013, 0.039, 0.024, 0.017, and 0.039, respectively). The SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific IgG and cytokine levels were not significantly different between the two groups. The breakthrough infection group had significantly higher percentages of central and effector memory T cells and regulatory T cells than the comparison group (p = 0.008, 0.031, and 0.026, respectively). Breakthrough infections may induce stronger cellular and humoral immune responses than booster immunizations in hemodialysis patients.

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“…Some explanations regarding these results can be postulated: First, cancer patients have a diminished immune response to vaccinations due to their underlying malignancy and anti-cancer treatment [ 37 , 38 ]. As a result, their humoral immunity can be boosted by additional doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine that can lead to a more robust immune response reflected by higher antibody levels [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response Rate of the Third and Fourth Doses of the BNT162b2 Vaccine Administered to Cancer Patients Undergoing Active Anti-Neoplastic Treatments

Agbarya,

Sarel,

Ziv-Baran

et al. 2023

Diseases

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The BNT162b2 vaccine is globally used for preventing morbidity and mortality related to COVID-19. Cancer patients have had priority for receiving the vaccine due to their diminished immunity. This study reports the response rate of administering the third and fourth vaccine doses to cancer patients receiving active anti-neoplastic treatment. A total of 142 patients received two doses of the mRNA-based BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine, while 76 and 25 patients received three and four doses, respectively. The efficacy of the humoral response following two vaccine doses was diminished in cancer patients, especially in the group of patients receiving chemotherapy. In a multivariate analysis, patients who received three and four BNT162b2 vaccine doses were more likely to have antibody titers in the upper tertile compared to patients who received two doses of the vaccine (odds ratio (OR) 7.62 (95% CI 1.38–42.12), p = 0.02 and 17.15 (95% CI 5.01–58.7), p < 0.01, respectively). Unlike the response after two doses, the third and fourth BNT162b2 vaccine booster doses had an increased efficacy of 95–100% in cancer patients while undergoing active treatment. This result could be explained by different mechanisms including the development of memory B cells.

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Omicron neutralizing antibody response following booster vaccination compared with breakthrough infection

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

COVID-19 vaccination-induced antibody responses and waning by age and comorbidity status in a large population-based prospective cohort study

COVID-19 vaccination-induced antibody responses and waning by age and comorbidity status in a large population-based prospective cohort study

Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses after Breakthrough Infection in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Response Rate of the Third and Fourth Doses of the BNT162b2 Vaccine Administered to Cancer Patients Undergoing Active Anti-Neoplastic Treatments

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