Omentin: a biomarker of cardiovascular risk in individuals with axial spondyloarthritis

We performed a systematic literature review to summarize the underlying pathogenic mechanisms by which adipokines influence rheumatological diseases and the resulting clinical manifestations. Increasing evidence display that numerous adipokines may significantly influence the development or clinical course of various rheumatological diseases. Despite the normal anti- or pro-inflammatory role of the cytokines, the serum level varies enormously in various rheumatological diseases. The expression of high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as leptin or visfatin, respectively in systemic lupus erythematosus and in rheumatoid arthritis, represents a negative prognostic factor; other adipokines such as adiponectin, broadly known for their anti-inflammatory effects, showed a correlation with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. In the near future pro-inflammatory cytokines may represent a potential therapeutic target to restrain the severity of rheumatological diseases. Further studies on adipokines may provide important information on the pathogenesis of these diseases, which are not yet fully understood. The mechanisms by which adipokines induce, worsen, or suppress inflammatory and degenerative musculoskeletal pathologies and their clinical significance will be discussed in this review.

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“…These data support a potential role of omentin as a cardiovascular risk biomarker in axSpA. 130 …”

Section: Omentinsupporting

confidence: 72%

Adipokine role in physiopathology of inflammatory and degenerative musculoskeletal diseases

Giardullo

Corrado

Maruotti

et al. 2021

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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“…In previous studies of our group, we assessed the potential role of different molecules as biomarkers of CV risk in axSpA. The results obtained in those studies supported the implication of such molecules in the high CV risk observed in axSpA patients [ 4 , 10 , 11 ]. This led us to search for other molecules that may also be biomarkers of CV risk in axSpA.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Data on sex, age, body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and triglycerides at the time of study, as well as history of traditional CV risk factors (smoking, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension) were collected. Obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension were defined as previously described [ 4 ]. In particular, obesity was defined if body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in squared meters) was ≥30.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the clinical manifestations related to the disease, these patients also show a high morbidity and mortality related to cardiovascular (CV) disease, particularly due to a process of accelerated atherosclerosis [ 2 , 3 ]. The high CV risk observed in axSpA patients is related to an increased prevalence of CV risk factors, chronic systemic inflammation, and a dysregulation in different molecules associated with CV disease [ 4 – 7 ]. Concerning this, the assessment of subclinical atherosclerosis by carotid ultrasound (US) in axSpA patients is becoming very useful to predict CV events [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vaspin in atherosclerotic disease and cardiovascular risk in axial spondyloarthritis: a genetic and serological study

et al. 2021

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Background Vaspin is a novel anti-inflammatory adipokine associated with cardiovascular (CV) disease and inflammation in chronic inflammatory conditions different from axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Given the high incidence of CV disease (mainly due to accelerated atherosclerosis) exhibited by axSpA patients, we wondered if vaspin could also be a key molecule in this process. However, data on the role of vaspin regarding atherosclerotic disease in the context of axSpA is scarce. For this reason, we aimed to evaluate the implication of vaspin, at the genetic and serological level, in subclinical atherosclerosis and CV risk in axSpA. Methods This study included 510 patients diagnosed with axSpA. Carotid ultrasound (US) was performed to evaluate the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis. Three vaspin gene variants (rs2236242, rs7159023, and rs35262691) were genotyped by TaqMan probes. Serum vaspin levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA® v.11.1. Results Serum vaspin levels were significantly higher in female patients than in males and also in obese patients when compared to those with normal weight (p < 0.05). At the genetic level, we disclosed that the minor allele of rs2236242 (A) was associated with lower serum vaspin levels in axSpA, while the rs7159023 minor allele (A) was linked to higher serum levels (p < 0.05). When the three polymorphisms assessed were combined conforming haplotypes, we disclosed that the TGC haplotype related to high serum levels of vaspin (p = 0.01). However, no statistically significant association was observed between vaspin and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis, both at the genetic and serological level. Conclusions Our results revealed that vaspin is linked to CV risk factors that may influence on the atherosclerotic process in axSpA. Additionally, we disclosed that serum vaspin concentration is genetically modulated in a large cohort of patients with axSpA.

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“…This finding is in line with our study in Asian Indians, where circulating adiponectin levels serve as a mediator in conferring the genetic risk of cardiometabolic diseases. A previous study in a Spanish population has shown a significant association of the minor allele of the omentin SNP rs12409609, which is in complete LD with SNP rs2274907, with low omentin gene expression [52]. Given the positive correlation between plasma omentin and adiponectin levels [12, 35–37], it is possible that low omentin expression might contribute to the reduction in adiponectin levels, which, in turn, could possibly increase the cardiometabolic risk among ‘A’ allele carriers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating adiponectin mediates the association between omentin gene polymorphism and cardiometabolic health in Asian Indians

Vimaleswaran

Jiang

Dhanasekaran

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background : Plasma omentin levels have been shown to be associated with circulating adiponectin concentrations and cardiometabolic disease-related outcomes. However, the findings have been inconsistent due to high level of confounding. In this study, we aim to examine the association of omentin gene polymorphism with plasma adiponectin levels and cardiometabolic health status using a genetic approach, which is less prone to confounding, and investigate whether these associations are modified by lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity. Methods : The study included 945 normal glucose tolerant and 941 unrelated individuals with type 2 diabetes randomly selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES), in southern India. Study participants were further classified into cardiometabolically healthy and unhealthy, where cardiometabolically healthy were those without hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Fasting serum adiponectin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. The A326T (rs2274907) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the exon 4 of the omentin gene was screened by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and direct sequencing. Results : The ‘A’ allele of the omentin SNP was significantly associated with lower adiponectin concentrations after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and cardiometabolic health status (p=1.90 x 10 -47 ). There was also a significant association between circulating adiponectin concentrations and cardiometabolic health status after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, WC and Omentin SNP (p=7.47x10 -10 ). However, after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, WC and adiponectin levels, the association of ‘A’ allele with cardiometabolic health status disappeared (p=0.79) suggesting that adiponectin serves as a mediator of the association between omentin SNP and cardiometabolic health status. There were no significant interactions between the SNP and dietary factors on adiponectin levels and cardiometabolic health status (p>0.25, for all comparisons). Conclusions : Our findings show that adiponectin might function as a mechanistic link between omentin SNP and increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases independent of common and central obesity in this Asian Indian population. Further studies are required to confirm the molecular mechanisms involved in this triangular relationship between omentin gene, adiponectin and cardiometabolic diseases.

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Omentin: a biomarker of cardiovascular risk in individuals with axial spondyloarthritis

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

Adipokine role in physiopathology of inflammatory and degenerative musculoskeletal diseases

Adipokine role in physiopathology of inflammatory and degenerative musculoskeletal diseases

Vaspin in atherosclerotic disease and cardiovascular risk in axial spondyloarthritis: a genetic and serological study

Circulating adiponectin mediates the association between omentin gene polymorphism and cardiometabolic health in Asian Indians

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