OMENS+ Classification Correlations Analysis of Craniofacial Microsomia in China: The Relationship Between Macrostomia and Mandibular Hypoplasia

Kim, Byeong Seop; Chen, Xiaojun; Chen, Chingyu; Chong, Chio Hou; Yan, Yin; Han, Wenqing; Sun, Mengzhe; Yang, Xin; Xu, Hai Song; Zhang, Yan; Chai, Gang

doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000008247

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Macrostomia is an extremely rare disease with an incidence of 1 in 80,000 (Rogers & Mulliken, 2007). In two retrospective studies, the incidence of macrostomia in patients with HFM ranged from 23% (46/198) to 34% (80/236), with a left‐to‐right‐to‐bilateral ratio of 5:6:1 (Fan et al, 2005; Kim et al, 2022). The severity of macrostomia varies among patients.…”

Section: Craniofacial Deformities Of Hfmmentioning

confidence: 99%

The etiology, clinical features, and treatment options of hemifacial microsomia

et al. 2023

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The second most frequent craniomaxillofacial congenital deformity is hemifacial microsomia (HFM). Patients often accompany short mandible, ear dysplasia, facial nerve, and soft tissue dysplasia. The etiology of HFM is not fully understood. To organize the possible up‐to‐date information on the etiology, craniofacial phenotypes, and therapeutic alternatives in order to fully comprehend the HFM. Reviewing the potential causes, exploring the clinical features of HFM and summarizing the available treatment options. Vascular malformation, Meckel's cartilage abnormalities, and cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) abnormalities are three potential etiology hypotheses. The commonly used clinical classification for HFM is OMENS, OMENS‐plus, and SAT. Other craniofacial anomalies, like dental defects, and zygomatic deformities, are still not precisely documented in the classification. Patients with moderate phenotypes may not need any treatment from infancy through adulthood. However, patients with severe HFM require to undergo multiple surgeries to address facial asymmetries, such as mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO), autologous costochondral rib graft (CCG), orthodontic and orthognathic treatment, and facial soft tissue reconstruction. It is anticipated that etiology research will examine the pathogenic mechanism of HFM. A precise treatment for HFM may be possible with thoroughly documented phenotypes and a pathogenic diagnosis.

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Section: Craniofacial Deformities Of Hfmmentioning

confidence: 99%

The etiology, clinical features, and treatment options of hemifacial microsomia

et al. 2023

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Interrater Reliability for Classifying Craniofacial Microsomia Severity: A Call for Objective Evaluation

Ronde,

Nolte,

Becking

et al. 2023

The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal

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Objective The severity of craniofacial microsomia (CFM) is generally classified using the Orbit, Mandible, Ear, Soft tissue, Nerve (OMENS) classification score. The global assessment of the Phenotypic Assessment Tool for Craniofacial Microsomia (PAT-CFM), is a pictorial modification of the OMENS classification. The aim of this study was to assess the interrater reliability of the PAT-CFM global assessment score. Design In this prospective cohort study, three clinicians completed the global assessment form of the PAT-CFM. The mandible was classified based on orthopantomogram- and/or computed tomography images. Participants Consecutive patients with CFM or microtia. Interrater agreement was calculated using the weighted Krippendorff alpha (α), with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results In total, 53 patients were included (106 hemifaces). The reliabilities of the main classification components ranged from high for the mandible (α = 0.904 [95% CI 0.860–0.948]) and ear (α = 0.958 [95% CI 0.934–0.983]) subscales, to tentative for the orbital summary score (α = 0.682 [0.542–0.821]), and nerve summary score (α = 0.782 [0.666–0.900]) subscales. Conclusions The reliability of the ear and radiographic mandible scales of the PAT-CFM global classification were high, while the orbit, facial nerve and soft tissue subscales may have limited reliability. Research focusing on radiographic severity scores for hypoplasia of the orbits and soft tissues, as well as objective measures for overall facial hypoplasia using non-ionizing forms of imaging for early classification, are warranted.

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