Omega-6 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease

Harris, William S.; Shearer, Gregory C.

doi:10.1161/circulationaha.114.012534

Cited by 58 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The PCR products were separated on 0.8% agarose gels and visualized with ethidium bromide. A series of male and female genomic DNA mixtures The n-3 PUFAs as well as the n-6 PUFAs are atheroprotective in mice, nonhuman primates, and humans (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). In humans, dietary n-3 PUFAs, EPA (20:5 n-3), and DHA (22:6 n-3) found in fish oil (FO) are anti-inflammatory and lower plasma TG, but not plasma LDL cholesterol, a primary risk factor for atherosclerosis in humans (20,21).…”

Section: Bmtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonhuman primates and mice fed diets enriched in LA are protected from atherosclerosis compared with their counterparts fed diets enriched in saturated/monounsaturated fat (22)(23)(24). Concerns that increased n-6 PUFA consumption may result in elevated membrane arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4 n-6), increased cellular inflammation, and atherosclerosis exacerbation lack support in humans (16). Moreover, LA-enriched diets do not enrich AA in plasma and tissue lipid fractions (24)(25)(26), likely due to inefficient FA desaturase-2 (FADS2) conversion of LA to AA (27,28).…”

Section: Bmtmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vivo activation of leukocyte GPR120/FFAR4 by PUFAs has minimal impact on atherosclerosis in LDL receptor knockout mice

Shewale

Brown

et al. 2017

Journal of Lipid Research

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and GPR120/FFAR4 that are activated by short-, medium-, or long-chain FAs (1-6). GPR120/FFAR4 is highly expressed in intestine, adrenals, lung, adipose tissue, and macrophages, and is described as the n-3 PUFA receptor (7). Upon activation by n-3 PUFA, GPR120/FFAR4 inhibits transforming growth factor -activated kinase 1 activation, resulting in attenuation of IKKB/NF-B and JNK/AP1 signaling (7). GPR120/FFAR4 expression regulates obesity in mice and humans; a nonsynonymous mutation (p.R270H) inhibited GPR120/FFAR4 signaling activity, resulting in increased risk of obesity in European populations (8). In vivo, selective activation of GPR120/FFAR4 by n-3 PUFAs is anti-inflammatory and insulin sensitizing (7,8). High-fat diet-fed GPR120/FFAR4 KO mice versus WT counterparts supplemented with n-3 PUFA or a selective GPR120/ FFAR4 agonist (cpdA) (9) have: 1) increased adipose tissue F4/80+ macrophage infiltration and pro-inflammatory/ M1 gene expression, 2) increased M1 gene expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peritoneal macrophages, and 3) increased insulin resistance. Collectively, these findings highlight the anti-inflammatory potential of macrophage GPR120/FFAR4 activation by n-3 PUFA. However, the impact of GPR120/FFAR4 expression on atherosclerosis progression, particularly in the context of dietary FA composition, is unknown.Abstract G protein-coupled receptor (GPR)120/FFA receptor (FFAR)4 (GPR120/FFAR4) activation by n-3 PUFAs attenuates inflammation, but its impact on atherosclerosis is unknown. We determined whether in vivo activation of leukocyte GPR120/FFAR4 by n-3 versus n-6 PUFAs is atheroprotective. Leukocyte GPR120/FFAR4 WT or KO mice in the LDL receptor KO background were generated by bone marrow transplantation. Mice were fed one of the four atherogenic diets containing 0.2% cholesterol and 10% calories as palm oil (PO) + 10% calories as: 1) PO, 2) fish oil (FO; 20:5 n-3 and 22:6 n-3 enriched), 3) echium oil (EO; 18:4 n-3 enriched), or 4) borage oil (BO; 18:3 n-6 enriched) for 16 weeks. Compared with PO, mice fed BO, EO, and FO had significantly reduced plasma cholesterol, TG, VLDL cholesterol, hepatic neutral lipid, and atherosclerosis that were equivalent for WT and KO mice. In BO-, EO-, and FO-fed mice, but not PO-fed mice, lack of leukocyte GPR120/ FFAR4 resulted in neutrophilia, pro-inflammatory Ly6C hi monocytosis, increased aortic root monocyte recruitment, and increased hepatic inflammatory gene expression. In conclusion, leukocyte GPR120 expression has minimal effects on dietary PUFA-induced plasma lipid/lipoprotein reduction and atheroprotection, and there is no distinction between n-3 versus n-6 PUFAs in activating anti-inflammatory effects of leukocyte GPR120/FFAR4 in vivo.

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Section: Bmtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bmtmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo activation of leukocyte GPR120/FFAR4 by PUFAs has minimal impact on atherosclerosis in LDL receptor knockout mice

Shewale

Brown

et al. 2017

Journal of Lipid Research

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“…Also, higher oleic and lower linolenic acid in oil will reduce the need for hydrogenation which produces undesirable trans fats in foods, that causes increased cholesterol and heart disease in humans (Wilson, 2004). Dietary long-chain omega-3 fatty acid is associated with reduced risk of fatal coronary heart disease (Harris et al, 2009) and oleic acid is considered effective in lowering blood cholesterol, possess antiinflammatory and antidiabetic properties (Oliveira et al, 2009).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell wall composition and nutrients in soybean genotypesof varying seed coat colour

Miglani

Sharma

2016

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The objective of this study was to characterize the cell wall composition and nutrients in twenty soybean genotypes varying in seed coat colour. Mean seed weight among different groups differed significantly and followed the order: brown>yellow>green>black. Moisture content varied from 6.1-17.9% and three black, one brown and one green soybean genotype exhibited moisture content higher than 15%. Acid detergent fibre, hemicellulose, cellulose and ash content in these genotypes varied from 8.0-35.3, 1.66-4.00, 1.33-5.0, and 2.06-8.6% respectively. SEL37 and GP1093 contained highest (5.0%) cellulose whereas EC251388 showed the least (1.33%). Genotypes belonging to black group exhibited highest mean neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, lignin, free amino acids and tannins and lowest saponins and contents varied significantly from brown, green and yellow groups. Among all the genotypes, SL958 contained highest acid detergent fibre and lignin and SL525 the least. Total soluble protein content of black, brown, green and yellow groups varied from 29. 5-40.56, 29.37-30.43, 28.03-43.1 and 30.53-43.23 g/100 g, respectively. Highest mean total soluble protein ( 37.55 %) and oil (21.9%) was recorded in yellow coloured soybean genotypes and values were significantly higher as compared to black, brown and green groups.

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“…In 2009, AHA issued a "Science Advisory" in a paper entitled: "Omega-6 Fatty Acids and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease" (Harris et al, 2009). This paper summarized and defended the health benefits of omega-6 fatty acids.…”

Section: The High Omega-6 Fiascomentioning

confidence: 99%