Omega-6 Fat Supplementation Alters Lipogenic Gene Expression in Bovine Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue

Joseph, Sandeep J.; Pratt, Scott L.; Paván, E.; Rekaya, Romdhane; Duckett, S. K.

doi:10.4137/grsb.s5831

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A similar downregulation of C/EBPα, another transcription factor involved in the regulation of adipogenesis (Joseph et al, 2010;Lefterova and Lazar, 2009), was observed in SAT of lambs fed DHA-G. Like PPARα, C/EBPα was also negatively correlated with miR-136, miR-106, and miR-376d, indicating these miRNA may play an important role in the regulation of adipogenic gene expression in ovines, although further studies need to be undertaken to determine the specific roles these miRNA may play in adipogenic gene regulation and the extent to which this may alter gene functionality. Although C/EBPα is known to regulate adipocyte differentiation in mice (Wang et al, 1995) and swine (Hausman, 2000), its expression has not been detected in bovine adipocytes (Taniguchi et al, 2008a) nor was it expressed in in vitro studies on the differentiation of preadipocytes derived from bovine bone marrow (Tan et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Adipogenesis involves the differentiation of preadipocytes or mesenchymal stem cells into mature adipocytes, with the ability to assimilate lipids (Romao et al, 2011). Recent molecular-based approaches have expanded our knowledge of the impact of diet in regulating bovine adipogenesis by examining effects on mRNA (Dahlman et al, 2005;Joseph et al, 2010) or microRNA (miRNA) expression in various adipose depots (Romao et al, 2012). These studies suggest the molecular mechanisms regulating bovine adipogenesis differ from those of humans (Esau et al, 2004), mice (Esau et al, 2006;Krutzfeldt et al, 2005), and pigs (Wang et al, 2011), thus suggesting that although adipogenic miRNA are conserved across species, the molecular mechanisms underlying their regulation are highly species specific (Jin et al, 2010;Romao et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of diet on microRNA expression in ovine subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues1

Meale

Romao

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that regulate ovine adipogenesis is very limited. MicroRNAs (miRNA) have been reported as one of the regulatory mechanisms of adipogenesis. This study aimed to compare the expression of miRNA related to ovine adipogenesis in different adipose depots and to investigate whether their expression is affected by dietary fatty acid composition. We also investigated the role of miRNA in adipogenic gene regulation. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue samples were collected at slaughter from 12 Canadian Arcott lambs fed a barley-based finishing diet where an algae meal (DHA-Gold; Schizochytrium spp.) replaced flax oil and barley grain at 0 or 3% DM (n = 6). Total RNA from each tissue was subjected to quantitative real time (qRT-) PCR analysis to determine the expression of 15 selected miRNA including 11 identified from bovine adipose tissues and 4 conserved between bovine and ovine species. MicroRNAs were differentially expressed according to diet in each tissue depot (miR-142-5p and miR-376d) in visceral and miR-142-5p, miR92a, and miR-378 in subcutaneous adipose tissue; P ≤ 0.05) and in each tissue depot depending on diet (miR-101, miR-106, miR-136, miR-16b, miR-196a-1, miR-2368*, miR-2454, miR-296, miR-376d, miR-378, and miR-92a in both control and DHA-G diets and miR-478 in control; P ≤ 0.05). Six miRNA were subjected to functional analysis and 3 genes of interest (ACSL1, PPARα, and C/EBPα) were validated by qRT-PCR. Both diet and tissue depot affected expression levels of all 3 genes (P < 0.05). miR-101, miR-106, and miR-136 were negatively correlated with their respective predicted gene targets C/ EBPα, PPARα, and ACSL1 in subcutaneous adipose tissue of lambs fed DHA-G. Yet miR-142-5p and miR-101 showed no correlation with ACSL1 or C/EBPα. The variability in expression patterns of miRNA across adipose depots reflects the tissue specific nature of adipogenic regulation. Although the examined miRNA appear to be conserved across ruminant species, our results indicate the presence of ovine specific regulatory mechanisms that can be influenced by diet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of diet on microRNA expression in ovine subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues1

Meale

Romao

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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“…A comparative analysis of the FABP4 promoter region in mammals revealed that there are 2 PPAR-α binding sites in humans, rats, pigs, dogs, and cattle (Hausman et al, 2008;Shin et al, 2009). The greater concentration of arachidonic acid in the muscle of animals fed RPFM (0.08 vs. 0.05%; P < 0.05) may explain the effect of the ionophore on LPL expression because, according to Joseph et al (2010), high levels of omega-6 supplementation can upregulate LPL expression. An interaction was observed between lipid sources and monensin on GPX1 gene expression.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in the muscle of beef cattle fed soybean or rumen-protected fat, with or without monensin supplementation1

Oliveira

Chalfun-Júnior

Chizzotti

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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Degree of unsaturation of fatty acids, which is influenced by lipid source and level of metabolism in the rumen, is a major determinant in how dietary lipids affect genes that regulate beef marbling. A total of 28 Red Norte bulls with an initial live weight of 361±32 kg (P>0.05) were used in a completely randomized experimental design to analyze the expression of genes that are involved in lipid metabolism in the longissimus dorsi (LD) when diets contained soybean grain or rumen-protected fat, with or without monensin. Treatments were arranged as a 2×2 factorial, with 4 treatments and 7 replicates per treatment. Half of the animals that received soybean or rumen-protected fat were supplemented with 230 mg head(-1) d(-1) of monensin. Gene expression was analyzed by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) in the LD muscle was not affected by lipid source or monensin (P>0.05). There was an interaction effect (P<0.05) between lipid source and monensin for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) expression, where greater gene expression was found in animals fed soybean plus monensin and the lower gene expression was found in animals fed rumen-protected fat plus monensin. Expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) were greater (P<0.05) in the LD muscle of animals fed soybean. Monensin had no effect on LPL and FABP4 expression when soybean without monensin was fed, but when rumen-protected fat was fed, monensin increased LPL expression and decreased FABP4 expression (P<0.05). Linoleic and arachidonic acids had negative correlations (P<0.05) with the expression of PPAR-α, SCD, FABP4, and LPL genes. PPAR-α gene expression was not correlated with SREBP-1c but was positively correlated with SCD, FABP4, LPL, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) gene expression (P<0.001). Lipid sources and monensin interact and alter the expression of PPAR-α, SCD, acetyl CoA carboxylase α (ACACA), LPL, FABP4, and GPX1. These changes in gene expression were most associated with arachidonic and α-linolenic acids and the ability of lipid sources and monensin to increase these fatty acids in tissues.

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“…Corn oil (CO) is one of the most common vehicles used for water‐insoluble agents in toxicity studies. Although some biologic effects on animals of CO have been reported – for example, that CO and diet could influence the reproduction and the kidney in female Sprague–Dawley rats (Sato et al , ), promote azoxymethane‐induced colon cancer development (Wu et al , ) and enhance hepatic lipid peroxidation in rats (Fang and Lin, ) – CO is still widely used as the vehicle for water‐insoluble agents in drug development (Bradford et al , ; Guerra et al , ; Poon et al , ; Lai et al , ; Xu et al , ; Patel et al , ), including recent molecular‐level studies of water‐insoluble agent effect on animal gene expression (Jacobus et al , ; Joseph et al , ; Mu et al , ; Satterfield et al , ; Aragon et al , ). It had been reported that CO could regulate genes related to cholesterol or fatty acid metabolism, which were tested only in rat liver (Takashima et al , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corn oil as a vehicle in drug development exerts a dose‐dependent effect on gene expression profiles in rat thymus

Geng

Zhang

et al. 2012

J of Applied Toxicology

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of corn oil (CO), which is widely used as a vehicle for water-insoluble agents in drug development, on the gene expression profiles in rat thymus with microarray technique. Female Wistar rats were administered daily with normal saline (NS) and CO 2, 5 and 10 ml kg⁻¹ per day for 14 days, respectively. Then, the thymus samples of rats were collected for microarray test and histopathology examination. CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ lymphocytes in peripheral blood were also numerated to assess the effects on lymphocyte subpopulations. The microarray data showed that the numbers of differentially expressed genes in the 2, 5 and 10 ml kg⁻¹ CO groups were 0, 40 and 458, respectively, compared with the NS control group. The altered genes were mainly associated with immune response, cellular response to organic cyclic substance and regulation of fatty acid β-oxidation. However, no abnormal changes in thymus weight, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ lymphocytes counts and histopathological examination were observed in the three CO groups. These data showed that 10 ml kg⁻¹ CO, the usually recommended dosing volume as a vehicle in drug safety assessment, caused obvious dysregulated genes in rat thymus. Our study suggests that the appropriate dosing volume of CO gavage as a vehicle for water-insoluble agents in drug development should be 2 ml kg⁻¹ per day, if agent effects on thymus will be assessed in gene levels.

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Omega-6 Fat Supplementation Alters Lipogenic Gene Expression in Bovine Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

Effect of diet on microRNA expression in ovine subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues1

Effect of diet on microRNA expression in ovine subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues1

Expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in the muscle of beef cattle fed soybean or rumen-protected fat, with or without monensin supplementation1

Corn oil as a vehicle in drug development exerts a dose‐dependent effect on gene expression profiles in rat thymus

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