Omega-3 supplementation and diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Delpino, Felipe Mendes; Figueiredo, Lílian Munhoz; Silva, Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da; Silva, Taiciane Gonçalves da; Mintem, Gicele Costa; Bielemann, Renata Moraes; Gigante, Denise Petrucci

doi:10.1080/10408398.2021.1875977

Cited by 37 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…But sensitivity analysis showed that removal of two trials changed the statistical results from significant to non-significant [27]. And two metaanalyses also showed that the level change of HbA1c was not statistically significant [26,29]. But in Khalili's study, n-3 PUFA consumption including DHA, EPA and ALA can significantly reduce HbA1c (− 0.74 (− 1.13 to − 0.35)).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This analysis excluded studies that were administered less than 1000 mg/day of n-3 PUFA [26]. However, Delpino et al's meta-analysis presented the opposite results, which was probably due to the inclusion of gestational diabetes studies [29]. Besides FBG, O′Mahoney's study revealed that a small reduction in HbA1c following EPA and DHA supplementation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of marine-derived and plant-derived omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on erythrocyte fatty acid composition in type 2 diabetic patients

Liu

Wang²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

Lipids Health Dis

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Background Dietary fatty acids intake affects the composition of erythrocyte fatty acids, which is strongly correlated with glycolipid metabolism disorders. This study aimed at investigating the different effects of marine-derived and plant-derived omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) on the fatty acids of erythrocytes and glycolipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods The randomized double-blinded trial that was performed on 180 T2DM patients. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups for the six-month intervention. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups for the six-month intervention. The fish oil (FO) group was administered with FO at a dose of 3 g/day containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the perilla oil (PO) group was administered with PO at a dose of 3 g/day containing α-linolenic (ALA), the linseed and fish oil (LFO) group was administered with mixed linseed and fish oil at a dose of 3 g/day containing EPA, DHA and ALA. Demographic information were collected and anthropometric indices, glucose and lipid metabolism indexes, erythrocyte fatty acid composition were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using two-way ANOVA. Results A total of 150 patients finished the trial, with 52 of them in the FO group, 50 in the PO group and 48 in the LFO group. There were significant effects of time × treatment interaction on fast blood glucose (FBG), insulin, HOMA-IR and C-peptide, TC and triglyceride (TG) levels (P < 0.001). Glucose and C-peptide in PO and LFO groups decreased significantly and serum TG in FO group significantly decreased (P < 0.001) after the intervention. Erythrocyte C22: 5 n-6, ALA, DPA, n-6/n-3 PUFA, AA/EPA levels in the PO group were significantly higher than FO and LFO groups, while EPA, total n-3 PUFA and Omega-3 index were significantly higher in the FO and LFO groups compared to PO group. Conclusion Supplementation with perilla oil decreased FBG while fish oil supplementation decreased the TG level. Marine-based and plant-based n-3 PUFAs exhibit different effects on fatty acid compositions of erythrocytes and regulated glycolipid metabolism. Trial registration This trial was recorded under Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Center (NO: ChiCTR-IOR-16008435) on May 28 2016.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of marine-derived and plant-derived omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on erythrocyte fatty acid composition in type 2 diabetic patients

Liu

Wang²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

Lipids Health Dis

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“…Type 2 diabetes is also associated with a variety of modifiable risk factors that can be prevented by following a healthy diet and lifestyle [ 51 ]. Thus, people are now turning to n -3 PUFA supplementation to manage the symptoms associated with type 2 diabetes such as elevated blood glucose and insulin resistance [ 52 ]. Over the years, animal and cell culture studies have shown that n -3 PUFA may prevent type 2 diabetes through anti-inflammatory properties, insulin signaling, changing cell membrane function and controlling expression of glucose metabolism genes [ 53 ].…”

Section: Effects Of N -3 Pufa On Major Chronic Dis...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the years, animal and cell culture studies have shown that n -3 PUFA may prevent type 2 diabetes through anti-inflammatory properties, insulin signaling, changing cell membrane function and controlling expression of glucose metabolism genes [ 53 ]. For the past decade, there has been an influx of studies investigating the effects of n -3 PUFA on the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes [ 52 ]. But as observed in the case of CVD and cancer prevention and treatment, the evidence for a protective effect of n -3 PUFA on type 2 diabetes and its related parameters also remains inconsistent [ 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Effects Of N -3 Pufa On Major Chronic Dis...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Highest Level of Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials in Omega-3 Research

Sahye-Pudaruth

W.L.

2023

Nutrients

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Over the years, there has been heightened interest in the health benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in reducing chronic diseases such as, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, type 2 diabetes, and acute macular degeneration (AMD). Due to inconsistent findings in the evidence, a review to critically examine the plethora of evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in n-3 PUFA research was undertaken. The aim of this review is to study the highest level of evidence and to identify gaps in n-3 PUFA research. RCTs were originally designed for pharmaceutical research and later adopted for nutrition and food-related research. RCTs with active diseases assume that n-3 PUFA will have “drug” like effects, and this high expectation may have led to the inconsistent evidence in the literature. The inconsistency in the literature may be related to varying doses of n-3 PUFA, sources of n-3 PUFA (food vs. supplement; plant vs. marine), type of n-3 PUFA (mixture vs. purified), trial duration, population characteristics, sample size, and genetic variation. For future research, there is a need to distinguish between primary and secondary prevention, and to focus RCTs on primary prevention of chronic diseases by n-3 PUFA which is lacking in the literature.

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“…In rodent models, a high fat diet (HF) rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) given during pregnancy induces several metabolic alterations in offspring during adulthood: liver steatosis, increased body and visceral fat mass, adipocyte hypertrophy, pro-inflammatory cytokines production, IR, pancreatic islet hypertrophy, and oxidative stress (11,12) . Long chain (LC) n-3 PUFAs, mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can prevent and even decrease IR in rodents fed a HF diet, which has also been shown in humans (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18) . During pregnancy, the only source of PUFAs for the developing fetus is via the placenta.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-chainn-3 PUFA given before and throughout gestation and lactation in rats prevent high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in male offspring in a tissue-specific manner

Guriec¹,

Foll

Delarue

2023

Br J Nutr

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This study investigated whether long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs) given to pregnant rats fed a high fat (HF) diet may prevent fetal programming in male offspring at adulthood. Six weeks before mating, and throughout gestation and lactation, female nulliparous Sprague-Dawley rats were given a chow (C) diet, HF (60.6% fat from corn, rapeseed oils and lard) or HF in which one third of fat was replaced by fish oil (HF n-3). At weaning, the 3 offspring groups were randomly separated in 2 groups fed C diet, or HF without LC n-3 PUFAs, for 7 weeks until adulthood. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test both at weaning and at adulthood. Insulin signaling was determined in liver, muscle and adipose tissue by quantification of the phosphorylation of Akt on Ser 473 at adulthood. At weaning, as at adulthood, offspring from HF-fed dams were obese, and displayed glucose intolerance (GI) and insulin-resistance (IR), but not those from HFn-3 fed dams. Following the post-weaning C diet, phosphorylation of Akt was strongly reduced in all tissues of offspring from HF dams, but to a lesser extent in liver and muscle of offspring from HFn-3 dams. However, it was abolished in all tissues of all offspring groups fed the HF post-weaning diet. Thus, LC n-3 PUFAs introduced in a HF in dams, partially prevented the transmission of GI and IR in adult offspring even though they were fed without LC n-3 PUFAs from weaning.

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Omega-3 supplementation and diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 37 publications

References 74 publications

Effects of marine-derived and plant-derived omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on erythrocyte fatty acid composition in type 2 diabetic patients

Effects of marine-derived and plant-derived omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on erythrocyte fatty acid composition in type 2 diabetic patients

Assessing the Highest Level of Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials in Omega-3 Research

Long-chainn-3 PUFA given before and throughout gestation and lactation in rats prevent high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in male offspring in a tissue-specific manner

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