Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for type 2 diabetes mellitus

Hartweg, Janine; Perera, Rafael; Montori, Víctor M.; Dinneen, Séan F.; Neil, H. A. W.; Farmer, Andrew

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003205.pub2

Cited by 211 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…However, three independent meta-analyses of twenty-six, eighteen and twenty-three randomised controlled studies, have shown no overall effect of the n-3 fatty acids in a dose range of 0·9 to 18 g/d on fasting glucose or glycated Hb in patients with type 2 diabetes (60)(61)(62) . Two placebo-controlled trials have examined the independent effects of purified EPA or DHA supplementation on plasma glucose and insulin in type 2 diabetic patients (45) and in mild dyslipidaemic men (53) .…”

Section: Effects On Plasma Lipids and Lipoproteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary n-3 PUFA and CVD: a review of the evidence

Mori

2013

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Many clinical and epidemiological studies have shown that the polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA from fish and fish oils, provide cardiovascular protection, particularly in the setting of secondary prevention. n-3 Fatty acids beneficially influence a number of cardiometabolic risk factors including blood pressure, cardiac function, vascular reactivity and lipids, as well as having anti-platelet, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative actions. They do not appear to adversely interact with other medications such as statins and other lipid-lowering drugs or antihypertensive medications. n-3 Fatty acids have gained widespread usage by general practitioners and clinicians in a number of clinical settings such as pregnancy and infant development, secondary prevention in CHD patients, treatment of dyslipidaemias and haemodialysis patients. Small doses are achievable with consumption of two to three oily fish meals per week or via purified encapsulated preparations now readily available. n-3 Fatty acids, particularly when consumed as fish, should be considered an important component of a healthy diet. The present paper reviews the effects of n-3 fatty acids on cardiometabolic risk factors, concentrating particularly on the evidence from randomised controlled studies in human subjects.

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Section: Effects On Plasma Lipids and Lipoproteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary n-3 PUFA and CVD: a review of the evidence

Mori

2013

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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“…Furthermore, n-3 LCPUFA has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity in rodents (Poudyal et al 2011), though these results are not supported by Cochrane review and meta-analysis of human studies (Akinkuolie et al 2011;Hartweg et al 2008). Our previous randomized trial found a reduction in systolic BP (SBP) and indications of a dose-dependent lowering of plasma TAG in infants who had received fish oil from 9 to 12 months of age (Damsgaard et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects on metabolic markers are modified by PPARG2 and COX2 polymorphisms in infants randomized to fish oil

et al. 2014

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Long-chain n-3 fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) improve blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile in adults and improve insulin sensitivity in rodents. We have previously shown that n-3 LCPUFA reduces BP and plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) in infants. Few studies have found effects on glucose homeostasis in humans. We explored possible effect modification by FADS, PPARG2, and COX2 genotypes to support potential effects of n-3 LCPUFA on metabolic markers in infants. Danish infants (133) were randomly allocated to daily supplementation with a teaspoon (*5 mL/day) of fish oil (FO) or sunflower oil (SO) from 9 to 18 months of age. Before and after the intervention, we assessed BP, erythrocyte n-3 LCPUFA, plasma lipid profile, insulin, and glucose in addition to functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in FADS, PPARG2, and COX2. At 18 months, plasma TAG was lower in the FO compared with SO group (p = 0.014). This effect was modified by PPARG2-Pro12Ala, as TAG only decreased among heterozygotes. FO supplemented PPARG2 Pro12Ala heterozygotes also had decreased plasma glucose compared with the SO group (p = 0.043). The effect of FO on mean arterial BP at 18 months was gender dependent (p = 0.020) and reduced in boys only (p = 0.028). Diastolic BP was, however, lower among all FO supplemented homozygous COX2-T8473C variant allele carriers compared with the SO group (p = 0.001). In conclusion, our results confirm that FO supplementation in late infancy reduces TAG and BP and indicates that the effects are mediated via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-c and cyclooxygenase-2. Furthermore, FO reduced plasma glucose only in PPARG2 heterozygotes.

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“…Both saturated and trans fatty acids has been shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases [3][4][5][6]. In contrast, unsaturated fatty acids have been shown to have a potentially therapeutic benefit for patients with type-2 diabetes [7], dementia [8], cystic fibrosis [9], and arguably to reduce the risk of coronary heart diseases [10][11][12][13]. In particular, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as α-linolenic acid (omega-3) and linoleic acid (omega-6) have received the most attention as humans cannot synthesize either of these molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction forces and membrane charge tunability: Oleic acid containing membranes in different pH conditions

Kurniawan

Suga

Kuhl

2017

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes

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Oleic acid is known to interact with saturated lipid molecules and increase the fluidity of gel phase lipid membranes. In this work, the thermodynamic properties of mixed monolayers of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and oleic acid at the air-water interface were determined using Langmuir isotherms. The isotherm study revealed an attractive interaction between oleic acid and DPPC. The incorporation of oleic acid also monotonically decreased the elastic modulus of the monolayer indicative of higher fluidity with increasing oleic acid content. Using the surface force apparatus, intermembrane force-distance profiles were obtained for substrate supported DPPC membranes containing 30 mol% oleic acid at pH 5.8 and 7.4. Three different preparation conditions resulted in distinct force profiles. Membranes prepared in pH 5.8 subphase had a low number of nanoscopic defects ≤1% and an adhesion magnitude of~0.6 mN/m. A slightly higher defect density of 1-4% was found for membranes prepared in a physiological pH 7.4 subphase. The presence of the exposed hydrophobic moieties resulted in a higher adhesion magnitude of 2.9 mN/m. Importantly, at pH 7.4, some oleic acid deprotonates resulting in a long-range electrostatic repulsion. Even though oleic acid increased the DPPC bilayer fluidity and the number of defects, no membrane restructuring was observed indicating that the system maintained a stable configuration.

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Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for type 2 diabetes mellitus

Cited by 211 publications

References 99 publications

Dietary n-3 PUFA and CVD: a review of the evidence

Dietary n-3 PUFA and CVD: a review of the evidence

Effects on metabolic markers are modified by PPARG2 and COX2 polymorphisms in infants randomized to fish oil

Interaction forces and membrane charge tunability: Oleic acid containing membranes in different pH conditions

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