Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improve mitochondrial dysfunction in brain aging – Impact of Bcl-2 and NPD-1 like metabolites

Effects of Long-Term Rice Bran Extract Supplementation on Survival, Cognition and Brain Mitochondrial Function in Aged NMRI Mice

“…Additionally, mRNA expression of respiratory system complexes I and IV as well as protein expression of complexes I, IV and V was numerically or significantly decreased which might contribute to impaired mitochondrial respiration in the brains of aged NMRI mice. Our findings about impaired brain mitochondrial function in aged mice very well match existing literature data about brain mitochondrial dysfunction in aged mice (Afshordel et al 2015;Navarro et al 2002Navarro et al , 2005Navarro et al , 2011 as recently discussed in detail (Hagl et al 2016). We additionally found that mRNA and protein expression of proteins associated with fission and fusion processes were changed in aged NMRI mice.…”

“…1); respiration was measured using an Oxygraph-2k (Oroboros, Innsbruck, Austria); the addition of a substance into the Oxygraph chamber is indicated with a plus sign; n = 10-11; mean ± SEM; two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni posttest; *P \ 0.05; ***P \ 0.001 Discussion NMRI mice have frequently been used as a well-established mouse model to study brain aging (Afshordel et al 2015;Schindowski et al 2001;Hagl et al 2016). To establish the effects of long-term feeding of rice bran extract (RBE) on brain mitochondrial function in aged female NMRI mice, a group of 12-month-old mice was fed the extract (4 g/kg pelleted diet) for 6 months.…”

“…Plant components such as polyphenols as well as plant extracts and polyunsaturated fatty acids have already been shown to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction (Afshordel et al 2015;Schaffer et al 2012) and AD (Barnard et al 2014;Howes and Perry 2011;Kim and Oh 2012). We recently reported that a stabilized rice bran extract containing vitamin E congeners and c-oryzanol had beneficial effects on mitochondrial function in PC12 cells (Hagl et al 2015a) and in the brains of young guinea pigs (Hagl et al 2013).…”

Brain Lipids in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

“…In this context, the neuroprotective effect of fish intake could be also attributed to PUFA derivatives present in fish, such as hydroxylated forms of PUFAs or PUFA forms easily transformable into bioactive derivatives similar to NPD1 [81]. In fact, fish oil consumption has recently been related to increased levels of total DHA and NPD1-like derivatives in the mouse brain, without any modification of free (unesterified) DHA levels [82]. Hence, fish oil intake promotes elevated levels of NPD1 without affecting basal levels of free DHA in the brain.…”

The pleiotropic effects of omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid on the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease

“…Decline in memory and loss of cognitive function are normal consequences of aging, and it has been shown that age induces alterations in gene expression and molecular composition of brain phospholipids [25,26]. Moreover, normal aging and neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by a cognitive decline in correlation with a deficiency in DHA abundance both in blood and brain [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34].These deficiencies could result from low dietary intake and/or PUFA oxidation [35,36]. Interestingly, lipid peroxidation in AD leads to oxidative stress with increasing formation of the oxidative products from PUFA (isoprostanes, neuroprostanes…) [37][38][39][40], as well as reactive aldehydes (hydroxyalkenals, neuroketals…) [41,42].…”