Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in the prevention of cardiovascular disease

Walz, Courtney P.; Barry, Arden R.; Koshman, Sheri L.

doi:10.1177/1715163516640812

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Due to the large number of determinants affecting vascular status and inflammation, all studies discussed in this section are rather heterogeneous with respect to outcomes considered and parameters measured, thereby the data are difficult to compare and summarize. The incorporation of n-3 PUFAs in cell membranes modifies eicosanoid production [ 13 ]. Phang et al [ 57 ], measuring platelet aggregation capacity (as platelet lag time after collagen addition) on 94 men and women, observed that both EPA and DHA were effective in reducing aggregation (−11.8% EPA, −14.8% DHA).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar investigations conducted on an indigenous population traditionally consuming large quantities of sea foods [ 9 ] in Canada evidenced the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs-rich foods for cardiovascular risk and CVD-related mortality reduction. Nevertheless, recent reviews examining subjects at high risk for CVD, reported discordant findings between no effects vs. beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs supplementation for the prevention of CVD [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enriching Diet with n-3 PUFAs to Help Prevent Cardiovascular Diseases in Healthy Adults: Results from Clinical Trials

Manuelli

Guardia

Cena

2017

IJMS

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Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are believed to be important for cardiovascular health. Many investigations have been carried out in an attempt to examine the effect of n-3 PUFAs intake, in the form of supplementation or fortified foods, for the management of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and risk factors for CVD, whereas less is known about the effect on healthy individuals. The present study reviews the available literature in order to examine the relationship between n-3 PUFAs intake, either via supplementation or enriched food, and the prevention of CVD among healthy adults. Interventional clinical trials on subjects aged >18 years old with none of the established risk factors for CVD have been considered for review. n-3 PUFAs supplementation or enriched food may positively regulate triglycerides and some lipoprotein subsets, as well as several vascular and coagulation parameters, even in healthy patients, presenting no risk factors for CVD, suggesting a protective effect. Diet enrichment with omega-3 is likely to be useful in helping to lower the risk of developing CVD in healthy individuals, but still offers no strong evidence of a tangible benefit on a population level. Additional studies are needed to determine the optimal daily intake, especially to prevent the unfavorable effects of PUFAs over-consumption.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enriching Diet with n-3 PUFAs to Help Prevent Cardiovascular Diseases in Healthy Adults: Results from Clinical Trials

Manuelli

Guardia

Cena

2017

IJMS

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“…Furthermore, in another recent systematic review of placebo-controlled randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of ω-3 PUFAs supplementation (that enrolled over 1000 patients with follow-up greater than one year) and meta-analysis of RCTs, carried out by Walz, Barry and Koshman [ 55 ], it was found that there is currently a lack of evidence to support the routine use of ω-3 PUFAs in the primary and secondary prevention of CVDs. It was also proposed by the authors of this study that pharmacists are ideally situated to engage patients in the discussion of the lack of benefit and possible risk of ω-3 PUFA supplements (since ω-3 PUFAs can increase the risk of bleeding and may interact with other medications that affect haemostasis, such as antiplatelet agents and warfarin) [ 55 ].…”

Section: Marine Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, despite the overwhelming amount of evidence on the beneficial effects of ω-3 PUFAs on human health, some controversy remains since several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have illustrated that there is insufficient evidence for this notion, with many studies highlighting the lack of benefit and possible risks associated with the consumption of ω-3 PUFA supplements. Furthermore, some of these studies indicate that the beneficial effects of fish intake on cerebrovascular risk are likely to be mediated through the interplay of a wide range of nutrients abundant in fish [ 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. However, within the last decade there is evidence that when ω-3 PUFAs (such as EPA and DHA) are combined to PLs, they are more efficiently incorporated into tissue membranes and at much lower doses than when these PUFAs are combined to TAGs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phospholipids of Animal and Marine Origin: Structure, Function, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties

2017

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In this review paper, the latest literature on the functional properties of phospholipids in relation to inflammation and inflammation-related disorders has been critically appraised and evaluated. The paper is divided into three sections: Section 1 presents an overview of the relationship between structures and biological activities (pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory) of several phospholipids with respect to inflammation. Section 2 and Section 3 are dedicated to the structures, functions, compositions and anti-inflammatory properties of dietary phospholipids from animal and marine sources. Most of the dietary phospholipids of animal origin come from meat, egg and dairy products. To date, there is very limited work published on meat phospholipids, undoubtedly due to the negative perception that meat consumption is an unhealthy option because of its putative associations with several chronic diseases. These assumptions are addressed with respect to the phospholipid composition of meat products. Recent research trends indicate that dairy phospholipids possess anti-inflammatory properties, which has led to an increased interest into their molecular structures and reputed health benefits. Finally, the structural composition of phospholipids of marine origin is discussed. Extensive research has been published in relation to ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and inflammation, however this research has recently come under scrutiny and has proved to be unreliable and controversial in terms of the therapeutic effects of ω-3 PUFA, which are generally in the form of triglycerides and esters. Therefore, this review focuses on recent publications concerning marine phospholipids and their structural composition and related health benefits. Finally, the strong nutritional value of dietary phospholipids are highlighted with respect to marine and animal origin and avenues for future research are discussed.

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“…The amount of crude proteins and amino acid composition differences between them were caused by enriched silk fibers in enlarged silk glands in mature silkworm larvae . All tested silkworm larval powders contained high amounts of Ω-3 (n-3) unsaturated fatty acids, which are one of the most popular health improvement supplements (Walz et al, 2016). National Institute of Agricultural Science (NIAS) is securing total 340 silkworm pure breeds that have various phenotypes such as colors and sizes of cocoons, female's fecundity, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition composition differences among steamed and freeze-dried mature silkworm larval powders made from 3 Bombyx mori varieties weaving different colored cocoons

Ji¹,

Kim²,

Kweon³

et al. 2016

International Journal of Industrial Entomology

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The mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori has been one of the most important domestic animals which have provided with silk fibers for weaving fabrics and a food for a protein and lipid source. In addition, various health improvement effects of diverse silkworm larval powders were reported. Recently we found that steamed and freeze-dried mature silkworm larval powder (SMSP) generated using white-jade (also known as Backokjam) silkworm variety extended healthspan and increased resistance to Parkinson's disease in animal models. Because the colors of cocoons in silkworm varieties were caused by altered signal transduction pathways transporting phytochemicals from intestinal lumens to silk glands, we performed the proximate, amino acid, mineral, carbohydrates, fatty acid, and cholesterol composition analyses of SMSPs of 3 silkworm varieties which were weaving light yellow, golden, and red cocoons. Although most of nutrient compositions among 3 SMSPs were similar, there were significant differences in certain amino acids, minerals, and fatty acid compositions. Red silk silkworm (RS)-SMSP had higher contents of crude proteins and total amino acids than other SMSPs. In addition, the ratio of n-3/ n-6 unsaturated fatty acids were higher than the other SMSPs. In contrast Golden silk silkworm (GS)-SMSP had higher ratio of potassium/sodium than the other SMSPs. These nutrient analysis results suggested that 3 SMSPs might have common and unique health improvement effects. Thus, further studies in the functionalities of the 3 SMSPs will reveal unknown their health improvements effects. Vol. 33, No. (1), pp. 6-14 (2016) threads were known to be caused by the accumulation of specific phytochemicals in silk glands, suggesting that silk glands in mature silkworm larvae with 3 different colors might have different nutrition components. Thus, we performed proximate, amino acid composition, mineral, carbohydrate, and fatty acid analysis to examine any difference among 3 silkworm varieties. Materials and MethodsSilkworm varieties, rearing methods, and steamed and freeze-dried mature larval powder (SMSP) processing protocols Three silkworm varieties were used in this study. Golden silk (GK) (Kang et al., 2007), Yeonnokjam (YNK) (Kang et al., 2007), and Red silk (RS) silkworms were reared with mulberry leaves at the NIAS campus in Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea.Mature silkworm larval powders were generated as previously published (Ji et al., 2015). Briefly, after steamed at 100°C for 130 min using an electric pressure-free cooking machine (Kum Seong Ltd., Boocheon, Korea), mature silkworm larvae were freeze-dried with a freeze-drier (FDT-8612, Operon Ltd. Kimpo, Korea) at -50°C for 24 h. The freeze-dried silkworm larvae were pulverized twice using a hammer mill (HM001, Korean Pulverizing Machinery Co. LTD., Incheon, Korea) and a disk mill (Disk Mill01, Korean Pulverizing Machinery Co. LTD) sequentially (Ji et al., 2015). Proximate analysis of SMSP generated from 3 silkworm varietiesThe amount of H2O in SMSPs generated from 3 different c...

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Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in the prevention of cardiovascular disease

Cited by 29 publications

References 20 publications

Enriching Diet with n-3 PUFAs to Help Prevent Cardiovascular Diseases in Healthy Adults: Results from Clinical Trials

Enriching Diet with n-3 PUFAs to Help Prevent Cardiovascular Diseases in Healthy Adults: Results from Clinical Trials

Phospholipids of Animal and Marine Origin: Structure, Function, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Nutrition composition differences among steamed and freeze-dried mature silkworm larval powders made from 3 Bombyx mori varieties weaving different colored cocoons

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