Omega-3 long chain fatty acid “bioavailability”: A review of evidence and methodological considerations

Ghasemifard, Samaneh; Turchini, Giovanni M.; Sinclair, Andrew J.

doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2014.09.001

Cited by 149 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…RBC fatty acid changes were similar during either the drink or capsule intervention with a significant increase in RBC EPA and DHA (and a parallel decrease in AA content) consistent with dosing at 4 g per day for 8 weeks 39. It is not clear why the drink intervention was associated with a larger decrease in relative AA content, which led to a significantly higher EPA+DHA:AA ratio.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

A randomised trial of the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements on the human intestinal microbiota

Watson

Mitra

Croden

et al. 2017

Gut

365

238

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ObjectiveOmega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have anticolorectal cancer (CRC) activity. The intestinal microbiota has been implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis. Dietary omega-3 PUFAs alter the mouse intestinal microbiome compatible with antineoplastic activity. Therefore, we investigated the effect of omega-3 PUFA supplements on the faecal microbiome in middle-aged, healthy volunteers (n=22).DesignA randomised, open-label, cross-over trial of 8 weeks’ treatment with 4 g mixed eicosapentaenoic acid/docosahexaenoic acid in two formulations (soft-gel capsules and Smartfish drinks), separated by a 12-week ‘washout’ period. Faecal samples were collected at five time-points for microbiome analysis by 16S ribosomal RNA PCR and Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid analysis was performed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsBoth omega-3 PUFA formulations induced similar changes in RBC fatty acid content, except that drinks were associated with a larger, and more prolonged, decrease in omega-6 PUFA arachidonic acid than the capsule intervention (p=0.02). There were no significant changes in α or β diversity, or phyla composition, associated with omega-3 PUFA supplementation. However, a reversible increased abundance of several genera, including Bifidobacterium, Roseburia and Lactobacillus was observed with one or both omega-3 PUFA interventions. Microbiome changes did not correlate with RBC omega-3 PUFA incorporation or development of omega-3 PUFA-induced diarrhoea. There were no treatment order effects.ConclusionOmega-3 PUFA supplementation induces a reversible increase in several short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, independently of the method of administration. There is no simple relationship between the intestinal microbiome and systemic omega-3 PUFA exposure.Trial registration numberISRCTN18662143.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

A randomised trial of the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements on the human intestinal microbiota

Watson

Mitra

Croden

et al. 2017

Gut

365

238

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It is quite likely that one of the early reports of fish consumption as a medical therapy was described in the Old Testament book of Tobias, "Then the angel said to him: Take out the entrails of the fish, and lay up his heart, and his gall, and his liver for thee; for these are necessary for useful medicines" [30,31]. Nowadays it is well established that the human body is not able to synthesize omega-3 FAs; therefore, people should get it from a diet rich in specific types of fish to provide positive impact on the health system [32][33][34][35]. In this context, the best fish options for consumption determined by experts are anchovies, Atlantic herring, salmon, trout, and sardines [35][36][37][38][39][40][41].…”

Section: To the Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

New avenues to prevent sudden unexpected death in nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy: follow the route established by omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

et al. 2015

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“…The reasons behind this are still unclear [8]. Studies suggest that the metabolic fate of key fatty acids like DHA differs when ingested as TAG, when compared to PL such as phophatidylcholine, especially in terms of bioavailability in plasma [9,10]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Composition of Oil Extracted from Wasted Norway Lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) Heads and Comparison with Oil Extracted from Antarctic Krill (Euphasia superba)

et al. 2016

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Abstract:In the UK, the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) supports its most important shellfish fishery. Nephrops are sold either whole, or as "tails-only" for the scampi trade. In the "tailing" process, the "head" (cephalothorax) is discarded as waste. A smaller crustacean species, the Antarctic krill Euphasia superba, represents an economically valuable industry, as its extractable oil is sold as a human dietary supplement. The aim of this study was to determine the amount and composition of the oil contained in discarded Nephrops heads and to compare its composition to the oil extracted from krill. Differences due to Geographical variation and seasonal patterns in the amount and composition of lipid were also noted. Results indicated that Nephrops head waste samples collected from more southern locations in Scotland (Clyde Sea area) contained higher levels of oil when compared to samples collected from northern locations in Iceland. Moreover, seasonal differences within the Clyde Sea area in Scotland were also observed, with oil extracted from Nephrops head waste peaking at around 11.5% during the summer months when larger and more mature females were caught by trawl. At this time of the year, the valuable fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) accounted for around 23% of the total fatty acid content in oil extracted from Nephrops head waste. A seasonal effect on EPA content was found, with higher levels obtained in the summer, while no trend was found in DHA percentages. Finally, oil from Nephrops head waste contained a higher proportion of EPA and DHA than krill oil but these fatty acids were more abundantly linked to the neutral lipids rather to than polar lipids. The characterization of lipid that could be extracted from Nephrops head waste should be seen as a first step for the commercial use of a valuable resource currently wasted. This approach is extremely relevant given the current limited supply of EPA and DHA and changes in the Common Fisheries Policy.

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Omega-3 long chain fatty acid “bioavailability”: A review of evidence and methodological considerations

Cited by 149 publications

References 62 publications

A randomised trial of the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements on the human intestinal microbiota

A randomised trial of the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements on the human intestinal microbiota

New avenues to prevent sudden unexpected death in nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy: follow the route established by omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Lipid Composition of Oil Extracted from Wasted Norway Lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) Heads and Comparison with Oil Extracted from Antarctic Krill (Euphasia superba)

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