Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Low Carbohydrate Diet for Maintenance of Remission in Crohn's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Multicenter Trial

Lorenz-Meyer, H; Bauer, Péter; Nicolay, Claudia; Schulz, Barbara; Purrmann, J; Fleig, Wolfgang E.; Scheurlen, C; Koop, Irmtraut; Pudel, Volker; Carr, Lisa

doi:10.3109/00365529609010352

Cited by 193 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…We can speculate that perhaps fish oil and 5-aminosalicylic acid have synergetic effects, and also that patient compliance in the fish oil group decreased during the study and could have affected the clinical outcome. Lorenz-Meyer et al (1996) published data from a large placebo-controlled trial in 204 patients with CD. Patients were included after an acute relapse of their disease in which remission (CD activity index < 150) was obtained under steroid therapy.…”

Section: Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis N-3 Polyunsaturated Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

n-3 Fatty acids for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases

Belluzzi¹

2002

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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The aim of the present paper is to briefly review the literature relating to clinical studies of the use of polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases ( IBD) such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The reasons for the discrepancies in the findings could be related to the different study designs, different treatments, overlapping of treatment effects, as well as the variety of treatment formulations and doses used, which have led to results that are, in certain instances, very difficult to explain. Emphasis on a treatment formulation which reduces the incidence of side effects, together with careful selection of patients and experimental design, seems to be associated with benefits, and these studies point to the therapeutic potential for these lipids in the therapy of IBD. It is possible that these fatty acids act by reducing low-grade active inflammation rather than by preventing reinitiation of the inflammatory process from a truly quiescent state. Whether this treatment is applicable to all IBD patients has not been fully elucidated. Nevertheless, taken together, all these studies suggest the effectiveness of these new therapeutic approaches, not only when conventional treatment fails or when it is not possible to treat chronically, but also, in some instances, as first choice.

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Section: Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis N-3 Polyunsaturated Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

n-3 Fatty acids for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases

Belluzzi¹

2002

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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“…In addition this difference was maintained at 12 months, with an incidence of remission of 59% in fish oil group versus 26% in placebo group (Belluzzi et al, 1996). However another studies have not found beneficial effects of n-3 fatty acids supplementation in IBD patients (Loeschke et al, 1996;Lorenz-Meyer et al, 1996). Studies about the effect of olive oil in IBD patients are limited and most of them used the olive oil as a placebo because n-9 M U F A w a s c o n s i d e r e d a s a n e u t r a l f a t .…”

Section: Trials In Human Patientsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Role of Fatty Acids in the Resolution of Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases

Puertollano¹,

Puertollano²,

Cienfuegos³

et al. 2011

Autoimmune Disorders - Current Concepts and Advances From Bedside to Mechanistic Insights

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“…In addition, a pilot study showed that the levels of the TFAs octadecenoate and hexadecenoate in subcutaneous adipose tissue were significantly higher in patients with Crohn's disease than in healthy individuals [28]. Numerous studies have reported that the composition of total fatty acids in the diet is an important factor influencing intestinal inflammation in IBD [4][5][6][29][30][31][32]. Our data suggest that patients with IBD should also be concerned with the proportion of the trans forms of fatty acids in their diet, because it is probably a significant risk factor for the progression or relapse of colitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trans fatty acids exacerbate dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis by promoting the up-regulation of macrophage-derived proinflammatory cytokines involved in T helper 17 cell polarization

Okada

Tsuzuki

Sato

et al. 2013

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SummaryNumerous reports have shown that a diet containing large amounts of trans fatty acids (TFAs) is a major risk factor for metabolic disorders. Although recent studies have shown that TFAs promote intestinal inflammation, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of dietary fat containing TFAs on dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis. C57 BL/6 mice were fed a diet containing 1·3% TFAs (mainly C16:1, C18:1, C18:2, C20:1, C20:2 and C22:1), and then colitis was induced with 1·5% DSS. Colonic damage was assessed, and the mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines and major regulators of T cell differentiation were measured. The TFA diet reduced survival and exacerbated histological damage in mice administered DSS compared with those fed a TFA-free diet. The TFA diet significantly elevated interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12p40, IL-23p19 and retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (ROR)γt mRNA levels in the colons of DSS-treated animals. Moreover, IL-17A mRNA levels were elevated significantly by the TFA diet, with or without DSS treatment. We also examined the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages. These cells were exposed to TFAs (linoelaidic acid or elaidic acid) with or without LPS and the mRNA levels of various cytokines were measured. IL-23p19 mRNA levels were increased significantly by TFAs in the absence of LPS. Cytokine expression was also higher in LPS-stimulated cells exposed to TFAs than in unexposed LPS-stimulated cells. Collectively, our results suggest that TFAs exacerbate colonic inflammation by promoting Th17 polarization and by up-regulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the inflamed colonic mucosa.

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Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Low Carbohydrate Diet for Maintenance of Remission in Crohn's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Multicenter Trial

Cited by 193 publications

References 19 publications

n-3 Fatty acids for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases

n-3 Fatty acids for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases

Role of Fatty Acids in the Resolution of Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases

Trans fatty acids exacerbate dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis by promoting the up-regulation of macrophage-derived proinflammatory cytokines involved in T helper 17 cell polarization

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