Omega-3 fatty acids and individual variability in plasma triglyceride response: A mini-review

Rundblad, Amanda; Sandoval, Viviana; Holven, Kirsten B.; Ordovás, José M.; Ulven, Stine Marie

doi:10.1016/j.redox.2023.102730

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Inter-individual responses complicate nutritional interventions designed for the “average” person in a population. Two recent publications reviewed studies examining the effects of single or multiple SNPs on plasma triglyceride in response to omega-3 intake [ 38 ] and cholesterol levels in response to diets [ 39 ]. We did not evaluate genetic variation that may have contributed to the inter-individual response in response to the micronutrient intervention.…”

Section: Primary Results [ 21 ]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Nutrition Research in the Data Era: Results of 11 Reports on the Effects of a Multiple-Micronutrient-Intervention Study

Kaput,

Monteiro

2024

Nutrients

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Large datasets have been used in molecular and genetic research for decades, but only a few studies have included nutrition and lifestyle factors. Our team conducted an n-of-1 intervention with 12 vitamins and five minerals in 9- to 13-year-old Brazilian children and teens with poor healthy-eating indexes. A unique feature of the experimental design was the inclusion of a replication arm. Twenty-six types of data were acquired including clinical measures, whole-genome mapping, whole-exome sequencing, and proteomic and a variety of metabolomic measurements over two years. A goal of this study was to use these diverse data sets to discover previously undetected physiological effects associated with a poor diet that include a more complete micronutrient composition. We summarize the key findings of 11 reports from this study that (i) found that LDL and total cholesterol and fasting glucose decreased in the population after the intervention but with inter-individual variation; (ii) associated a polygenic risk score that predicted baseline vitamin B12 levels; (iii) identified metabotypes linking diet intake, genetic makeup, and metabolic physiology; (iv) found multiple biomarkers for nutrient and food groups; and (v) discovered metabolites and proteins that are associated with DNA damage. This summary also highlights the limitations and lessons in analyzing diverse omic data.

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Section: Primary Results [ 21 ]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Nutrition Research in the Data Era: Results of 11 Reports on the Effects of a Multiple-Micronutrient-Intervention Study

Kaput,

Monteiro

2024

Nutrients

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“…Moreover, under conditions of positive energy balance, n-3 PUFAs support the growth of fat cells and the expansion of adipose tissue, ultimately fostering a favorable metabolic profile [41]. While the mechanism behind the reduction of triglycerides by omega-3 fatty acids has not been fully elucidated, Rundblad et al [43] shed light on the details of this action. Nevertheless, a significant difference in total cholesterol levels was only found during the initial investigation on day 30.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Nutritional Potential of Spent Coffee Grounds as a Substitute for Rice Bran in Feeds for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus: An Evaluation of Growth Performance and Biological Indices

Phinrub,

Sookying,

Srisuttha

et al. 2024

Aquaculture Nutrition

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This study aimed to assess the viability of replacing rice bran with spent coffee grounds (SCG) in the diets of Oreochromis niloticus (average body weight, 48.8 ± 0.42 g). The fish were randomly allocated into four sets of three groups each and placed in net cages (1 m × 2 m × 0.5 m) at a density of 30 fish per cage. They were fed diets with four different replacement levels: 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of SCG over a period of 90 days. Growth and serum biochemical indices were monitored three times at 30, 60, and 90 days. During the experiment, there were no significant differences (P >0.05) observed in growth indices, including weight gain (WG), daily WG, specific growth rate, feed conversion rate, protein efficiency ratio, and survival rate among the groups at 30, 60, and 90 days. Serum biochemical indices, such as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, showed a similar trend with significant differences observed only on day 30, while the lowest and highest levels were found in the control and 15% SCG replacement groups, respectively. For total cholesterol, a significantly different result was found only on day 30. However, these differences were not sustained in subsequent assessments. Conversely, serum glucose, total protein, albumin, and globulin remained unaffected by SCG replacement throughout the experiment. The findings indicate that replacing rice bran with up to 15% SCG did not adversely impact the growth performance or key serum biochemical indices of Nile tilapia. To the researchers’ knowledge, these findings are the first in the field to substitute SCG for rice bran, opening a new avenue for further research.

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“…As already mentioned, EPA and DHA exert a number of actions that result in lower plasma TG levels [18]. These include the combination of increased hepatic fatty acid oxidation, reduced hepatic de novo lipogenesis and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) synthesis [15,16], and increased clearance of TGRLs including chylomicrons and VLDLs, thus decreasing their half-life in the circulation [17,18]. Furthermore, EPA and DHA contribute to lower TG levels through decreased delivery of non-esterified fatty acids to the liver and increased hepatic synthesis of phospholipids rather than TGs [36].…”

Section: Biological Actions Of Omega-3 (N-3) Fatty Acids and Their Ox...mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…These include blood TG concentrations, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, thrombosis, endothelial function, inflammation, and cardiac function, which are all improved by n-3 PUFAs (see [19,34,35] and references therein). As already mentioned, EPA and DHA exert a number of actions that result in lower plasma TG levels [18]. These include the combination of increased hepatic fatty acid oxidation, reduced hepatic de novo lipogenesis and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) synthesis [15,16], and increased clearance of TGRLs including chylomicrons and VLDLs, thus decreasing their half-life in the circulation [17,18].…”

Section: Biological Actions Of Omega-3 (N-3) Fatty Acids and Their Ox...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…N-3 PUFAs may also aid clearance of circulating TGs, for example, by increasing lipoprotein lipase activity [17]. Essentially, EPA and DHA influence the production of TGs, their release from the liver and their removal from the bloodstream, contributing to lower circulating levels [17,18]. Various international guidelines outline recommendations for using n-3 fatty acids to lower TG levels in individuals with elevated TGs; for example, the American Heart Association recommends up to 4 g/day EPA + DHA or EPA only to treat hypertriglyceridemia [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Omega-3 (n-3) Fatty Acid–Statin Interaction: Evidence for a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Djuricic,

Calder

2024

Nutrients

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Managing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) often involves a combination of lifestyle modifications and medications aiming to decrease the risk of cardiovascular outcomes, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. The aim of this article is to discuss possible omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid–statin interactions in the prevention and treatment of ASCVD and to provide evidence to consider for clinical practice, highlighting novel insights in this field. Statins and n-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) are commonly used to control cardiovascular risk factors in order to treat ASCVD. Statins are an important lipid-lowering therapy, primarily targeting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, while n-3 fatty acids address triglyceride (TG) concentrations. Both statins and n-3 fatty acids have pleiotropic actions which overlap, including improving endothelial function, modulation of inflammation, and stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques. Thus, both statins and n-3 fatty acids potentially mitigate the residual cardiovascular risk that remains beyond lipid lowering, such as persistent inflammation. EPA and DHA are both substrates for the synthesis of so-called specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), a relatively recently recognized feature of their ability to combat inflammation. Interestingly, statins seem to have the ability to promote the production of some SPMs, suggesting a largely unrecognized interaction between statins and n-3 fatty acids with relevance to the control of inflammation. Although n-3 fatty acids are the major substrates for the production of SPMs, these signaling molecules may have additional therapeutic benefits beyond those provided by the precursor n-3 fatty acids themselves. In this article, we discuss the accumulating evidence that supports SPMs as a novel therapeutic tool and the possible statin–n-3 fatty acid interactions relevant to the prevention and treatment of ASCVD.

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Omega-3 fatty acids and individual variability in plasma triglyceride response: A mini-review

Cited by 13 publications

References 77 publications

Human Nutrition Research in the Data Era: Results of 11 Reports on the Effects of a Multiple-Micronutrient-Intervention Study

Human Nutrition Research in the Data Era: Results of 11 Reports on the Effects of a Multiple-Micronutrient-Intervention Study

Exploring the Nutritional Potential of Spent Coffee Grounds as a Substitute for Rice Bran in Feeds for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus: An Evaluation of Growth Performance and Biological Indices

Omega-3 (n-3) Fatty Acid–Statin Interaction: Evidence for a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

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