Olympic weightlifting and the introduction of steroids: a statistical analysis of world championship results, 1948–72

Tapering and Peaking Maximal Strength for Powerlifting Performance: A Review

“…Studies should also compare the effectiveness of tapering models (e.g., step taper vs. exponential taper) and compare the effects of tapering versus only using training cessation (e.g., 1-week step taper vs. 1-week training cessation). Additionally, a limitation of this study is that we cannot account for the potential use of anabolic steroids nor other performance-enhancing drugs that are commonly used in strength and power sports [68][69][70][71]. It is possible that athletes who use such substances require different recovery periods, and therefore, different tapering parameters prior to competition.…”

Anabolic Steroid and Stimulant Use in North American Sport between 1850 and 1980

“…Statistical analysis of the performance of the Soviet lifters during this period is consistent with this assertion. [32] Dr Zeigler and Dianabol…”

Running scared: the use of drugs in sport

“…That the psychological effects of steroids are not illusory is demonstrated by the problems in conducting double-blind studies using steroids and placebos. The athletes undergoing tests can invariably spot the difference (Freed et al, 1972).…”

“…Is it any wonder that athletes will do anything to find that tiny bit extra that could make all the difference? It is commonplace to chart the increase in athletic performance over the years with increased use of drugs (Fair, 1988), although for a number of sports, research at Birmingham University's School of Sports Science casts some doubts on such claims. However, it might be equally valid to chart the increase in the use of drugs with the level of rewards on offer and the pressures on athletes to succeed.…”