Olivine-Based Cathode Materials

Zaghib, Karim; Mauger, A.; Julien, C.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-15458-9_2

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 148 publications

(247 reference statements)

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“…Different divalent cations have been explored in the previous decade: Mg 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Ca 2+ . The results reviewed elsewhere [1] showed an improvement, but only moderate. The best result is obtained with Zn [148] provided that the amount of Zn remains as small as 2 atom %, in which case a discharge capacity of 139 mAh g −1 was observed at 0.1 C, and 105 mAh g −1 at 2 C for a particle size of 200 nm.…”

Section: Substitution and Dopingmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Such particles of different morphologies were synthesized by the different processes used for all the olivine compounds, reviewed in Ref. [1]. The different processes include solid-state reaction [109], spray pyrolysis plus ball milling [110], hydrothermal processing [111], synthesis in a chloride/ethylene glycol-based deep eutectic solvent [112], and microwave heating in a deep eutectic solvent [113].…”

Section: Limnpomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The olivine-based positive electrode (cathode) materials have been extensively studied (see [1] for a review). LiFePO 4 (LFP) is now a worldwide commercial product as an active element of cathodes for lithium batteries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Olivine Positive Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries: Status and Perspectives

Mauger

Julien

2018

Batteries

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Among the compounds of the olivine family, LiMPO 4 with M = Fe, Mn, Ni, or Co, only LiFePO 4 is currently used as the active element of positive electrodes in lithium-ion batteries. However, intensive research devoted to other elements of the family has recently been successful in significantly improving their electrochemical performance, so that some of them are now promising for application in the battery industry and outperform LiFePO 4 in terms of energy density, a key parameter for use in electric vehicles in particular. The purpose of this review is to acknowledge the current state of the art and the progress that has been made recently on all the elements of the family and their solid solutions. We also discuss the results from the perspective of their potential application in the industry of Li-ion batteries.The main disadvantage of olivines with respect to other cathode chemistries for lithium batteries is the lower energy density. This is evidenced in Table 1 where we have reported the gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of LFP and two other cathode materials which have also found a market place in commercial batteries for electric vehicles: the manganese spinel LiMn 2 O 4 , and "LiNiCoAl" (NCA). In terms of energy density, the winner is clearly NCA, the cathode material used by Panasonic to manufacture the batteries of Tesla cars. However, the low energy density of LFP was not an obstacle for its success for EV applications. The top-selling EV manufacturer in the world today is BYD, which makes its own batteries. Its success comes from its choice of the LFP cathode chemistry. As an example, BYD's LFP battery used by e6 taxis in Shenzen has a driving range of 200 km and can be charged to 80% in just 20 min, or 100% in only 40 min using a BYD DC fast charger. The town has 12,000 taxis which will be electric by the end of this year, and all of the 7,000,000 buses are already electric buses, 80% being BYD buses.

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Section: Substitution and Dopingmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Limnpomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Olivine Positive Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries: Status and Perspectives

Mauger

Julien

2018

Batteries

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“…Olivine‐type materials, like LFP and LMP, are considered the ultimate cathode material for developing large‐scale LIBs towing to its superior structura/chemical stability, low‐toxicity, low cost, and small environmental footprint. Additionally, LFP has a discharge plateau voltage of around 3.45 V (vs Li + /Li) and a theoretical Cap spe of 170 mAh g −1 2 . The cycle life of LFP is 1000 to 20 000 cycles, higher than LCO (500‐1000 cycles), NCA (500‐2000 cycles), LMO, and NMC (500‐3000 cycles) 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of conductive carbon additives and negative/positive capacity ratio on graphite/LiFePO₄ full‐cells performance

et al. 2023

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In this article, we study two factors (carbon additive, N/P ratio) affecting the performance of Li‐ion cells using LiFePO4 (LFP) synthesized via the hydrothermal method. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results show that the synthesized LFP material is pure and within the single phase of the orthorhombic lattice. The electrochemical properties of synthesized LFP cathode (physically mixed with different carbon C65 and CNTs) were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatically cycling. The diffusion coefficients of LFP‐CNTs and LFP‐C65 were calculated using the Randles‐Sevcik equation and reached 8.350.10−10 cm2 s−1 and 1.620.10−10 cm2 s−1, respectively. In a rate capability tests, LFP‐CNTs based cell demonstrates an excellent cyclability with a discharge capacity (CapDis) of 147.9 mAh g−1 at 0.1C and 84.0 mAh g−1 at 5.0C, whereas LFP‐C65 completely lost capacity at 2.0C. In addition, the investigation of negative/positive capacity ratios (N/P ratios) at 1.18 and 1.23 reveals high specific capacity (Capspe), high‐capacity retention, and an excellent charge/discharge efficiency (EC/DC) at different C‐rates.

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“…Cations, Li (M1) and Fe (M2), are placed in half the octahedral sites and P ions in one-eighth of the tetrahedral sites [18]. The FeO 6 octahedra are distorted lowering their local cubic-octahedral O h to the C s symmetry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic characterization of LiFePO4 as cathode material for Li-ion battery prepared in the pulse thermo-acoustic reactor

Lazarević

Križan

et al. 2019

SCI SINTER

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Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) is a cathode material for the rechargeable-lithium batteries. In this paper is presented a novel method of fabrication carbon-coated LiFePO 4 in a pilot reactor built according to the principles of the thermo-acoustic burner of Helmholtztype. Crystalline powder with a high percentage of LiFePO 4 was synthesized by incomplete combustion, i.e. in the reductive atmosphere, and calcined at 700 °C for 6 h. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, IR and Raman spectroscopy. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the production of the high-quality lithium-ion cathode material by the incomplete combustion. The synthesis of LiFePO 4 is completed during calcination and an ordered structure is attained. Fast synthesis in the reactor (less than 2 s) is achieved due to the reduction in the size of reactant's particles and a huge number of collisions owing to their strong turbulent flow associated with explosive combustion.

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Olivine-Based Cathode Materials

Cited by 18 publications

References 148 publications

Olivine Positive Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries: Status and Perspectives

Olivine Positive Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries: Status and Perspectives

Effect of conductive carbon additives and negative/positive capacity ratio on graphite/LiFePO₄ full‐cells performance

Spectroscopic characterization of LiFePO4 as cathode material for Li-ion battery prepared in the pulse thermo-acoustic reactor

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Olivine-Based Cathode Materials

Cited by 18 publications

References 148 publications

Olivine Positive Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries: Status and Perspectives

Olivine Positive Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries: Status and Perspectives

Effect of conductive carbon additives and negative/positive capacity ratio on graphite/LiFePO4 full‐cells performance

Spectroscopic characterization of LiFePO4 as cathode material for Li-ion battery prepared in the pulse thermo-acoustic reactor

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Effect of conductive carbon additives and negative/positive capacity ratio on graphite/LiFePO₄ full‐cells performance