Olive Oil Polyphenols Enhance High-Density Lipoprotein Function in Humans

Hernáez, Álvaro; Fernández‐Castillejo, Sara; Farràs, Marta; Catalán, Úrsula; Subirana, Isaac; Montes, Rosa; Solà, Rosa; Muñoz-Aguayo, Daniel; Gelabert-Gorgues, Anna; Díaz-Gil, Óscar; Nyyssönen, Kristiina; Zunft, Hans-Joachim F.; Torre, Rafael de la; Martín‐Peláez, Sandra; Pedret, Anna; Remaley, Alan T.; Covas, Marı́a-Isabel; Fitó, Montserrat

doi:10.1161/atvbaha.114.303374

Cited by 134 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Moreover, PCs can modulate enzyme activities which may represent relevant antioxidant mechanisms by which dietary olive phenolic could have beneficial impact on cardiovascular health [21]. Phenol metabolites from olive have been observed to be incorporated to HDL particles where they could exert a local antioxidant protection and contribute to a functional enhancement of the HDL particle [22]. In concordance with these results, we observed that thyme phenols were also incorporated to HDL after FVOOT intervention and that olive phenol metabolites were higher after FVOO intervention compared to baseline and also to VOO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Virgin Olive Oil and Phenol-Enriched Virgin Olive Oils on the HDL Proteome in Hypercholesterolemic Subjects: A Double Blind, Randomized, Controlled, Cross-Over Clinical Trial (VOHF Study)

et al. 2015

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The effects of olive oil phenolic compounds (PCs) on HDL proteome, with respect to new aspects of cardioprotective properties, are still unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the impact on the HDL protein cargo of the intake of virgin olive oil (VOO) and two functional VOOs, enriched with their own PCs (FVOO) or complemented with thyme PCs (FVOOT), in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Eligible volunteers were recruited from the IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (Spain) from April 2012 to September 2012. Thirty-three hypercholesterolemic participants (total cholesterol >200mg/dL; 19 men and 14 women; aged 35 to 80 years) were randomized in the double-blind, controlled, cross-over VOHF clinical trial. The subjects received for 3 weeks 25 mL/day of: VOO, FVOO, or FVOOT. Using a quantitative proteomics approach, 127 HDL-associated proteins were identified. Among these, 15 were commonly differently expressed after the three VOO interventions compared to baseline, with specific changes observed for each intervention. The 15 common proteins were mainly involved in the following pathways: LXR/RXR activation, acute phase response, and atherosclerosis. The three VOOs were well tolerated by all participants. Consumption of VOO, or phenol-enriched VOOs, has an impact on the HDL proteome in a cardioprotective mode by up-regulating proteins related to cholesterol homeostasis, protection against oxidation and blood coagulation while down-regulating proteins implicated in acute-phase response, lipid transport, and immune response. The common observed protein expression modifications after the three VOOs indicate a major matrix effect.Trial RegistrationInternational Standard Randomized Controlled Trials ISRCTN77500181.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Virgin Olive Oil and Phenol-Enriched Virgin Olive Oils on the HDL Proteome in Hypercholesterolemic Subjects: A Double Blind, Randomized, Controlled, Cross-Over Clinical Trial (VOHF Study)

et al. 2015

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“…Several have suggested increased CEC with diets enriched in polyphenols 37 and alcohol intake 38 and no effect with unsaturated fat. 39,40 Only one small study testing exercise and CEC had a control arm, 41 suggesting no improvement with exercise training among patients with DM.…”

Section: Cec and Lifestyle Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Density Lipoprotein Function Measurement in Human Studies: Focus on Cholesterol Efflux Capacity

Rohatgi

2015

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases

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A low plasma level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C) is a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, several observations have highlighted the shortcomings of using cholesterol content as the sole reflection of HDL metabolism. In particular, several large randomized controlled trials of extended release niacin and cholesteryl-ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors on background statin therapy have failed to show improvement in ASCVD outcomes despite significant increases in HDL-C. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is the principal HDL function that impacts macrophage foam cell formation and other functions such as endothelial activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, monocyte adhesion, and platelet aggregation. Cholesterol efflux from macrophages to plasma/serum reflects the first critical step of RCT and is considered a key anti-atherosclerotic function of HDL. Whether this function is operative in humans remains to be seen, but recent studies assessing cholesterol efflux in humans suggest that the cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of human plasma or serum is a potent marker of ASCVD risk. This review describes the methodology of measuring CEC ex vivo from human samples and the findings to date linking CEC to human disease. Studies to date confirm that CEC can be reliably measured using stored human blood samples as cholesterol acceptors and suggest that CEC may be a promising new biomarker for atherosclerotic and metabolic diseases. Further studies are needed to standardize measurements and clarify the role CEC may play in predicting risk of developing disease and response to therapies.

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“…In experimental studies, hydroxytyrosol is one of the strongest antioxidant, antiproliferative, proapoptotic, antiplatelet, and anti-inflammatory polyphenols (16). In addition, several clinical trials have shown the benefits of hydroxytyrosolrich olive oils on risk factors for CVD (11,12,17,18). Circulating biomarkers are always subject to some degree of homeostasis, absorption, distribution, or metabolism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of homovanillyl alcohol on cardiovascular disease and total mortality: virgin olive oil, wine, and catechol-methylathion

Torre

Corella

Castañer

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: Hydroxytyrosol is a phenolic compound that is present in virgin olive oil (VOO) and wine. Hydroxytyrosol-related foods have been shown to protect against cardiovascular disease (CVD). Objective: We investigated the associations between hydroxytyrosol and its biological metabolite, 3-O-methyl-hydroxytyrosol, also known as homovanillyl alcohol (HVAL), with CVD and total mortality. Design: We included 1851 men and women with a mean 6 SD age of 66.8 6 6 y at high risk of CVD from prospective cohort data. The primary endpoint was a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, and death from cardiovascular causes; the secondary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Twenty-four-hour urinary hydroxytyrosol and HVAL and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) rs4680 genotypes were measured. Results: After multivariable adjustment, all biomarkers were associated, as a continuous variable, with lower CVD risk, but only HVAL showed a strong inverse association (HR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.80) for the comparison between quintiles. Only HVAL, as a continuous variable, was associated with total mortality (HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.95). Individuals in the highest quintile of HVAL compared with the lowest had 9.2 (95% CI: 3.5, 20.8) and 6.3 (95% CI: 2.3, 12.1) additional years of life or years free of CVD, respectively, after 65 y. Individuals with the rs4680GG genotype had the highest HVAL concentrations (P = 0.05). There was no association between COMT genotypes and events or interaction between COMT genotypes and HVAL concentrations. Conclusions: We report, for the first time to our knowledge, an independent association between high urinary HVAL concentrations and a lower risk of CVD and total mortality in elderly individuals. VOO and wine consumption and a high metabolic COMT capacity for methylation are key factors for high HVAL concentrations. The association that stems from our results reinforces the benefits of 2 key components of the Mediterranean diet (wine and VOO). This trial was registered at www.predimed.es as ISRCTN35739639.

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Olive Oil Polyphenols Enhance High-Density Lipoprotein Function in Humans

Cited by 134 publications

References 28 publications

Impact of Virgin Olive Oil and Phenol-Enriched Virgin Olive Oils on the HDL Proteome in Hypercholesterolemic Subjects: A Double Blind, Randomized, Controlled, Cross-Over Clinical Trial (VOHF Study)

Impact of Virgin Olive Oil and Phenol-Enriched Virgin Olive Oils on the HDL Proteome in Hypercholesterolemic Subjects: A Double Blind, Randomized, Controlled, Cross-Over Clinical Trial (VOHF Study)

High-Density Lipoprotein Function Measurement in Human Studies: Focus on Cholesterol Efflux Capacity

Protective effect of homovanillyl alcohol on cardiovascular disease and total mortality: virgin olive oil, wine, and catechol-methylathion

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