Olive oil has a beneficial effect on impaired glucose regulation and other cardiometabolic risk factors. Di@bet.es study

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Despite the marked increase in cardiovascular risk factors in Spain in recent years, the prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular diseases have not risen as expected. Our objective is to examine the association between consumption of olive oil and the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors in the context of a large study representative of the Spanish population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A population-based, cross-sectional, cluster sampling study was conducted. The target population was the whole Spanish population. A total of 4572 individuals aged X18 years in 100 clusters (health centers) were randomly selected with a probability proportional to population size. The main outcome measures were clinical and demographic structured survey, lifestyle survey, physical examination (weight, height, body mass index, waist, hip and blood pressure) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (75 g). RESULTS: Around 90% of the Spanish population use olive oil, at least for dressing, and slightly fewer for cooking or frying. The preference for olive oil is related to age, educational level, alcohol intake, body mass index and serum glucose, insulin and lipids. People who consume olive oil (vs sunflower oil) had a lower risk of obesity (odds ratio ( CONCLUSIONS:The results show that consumption of olive oil has a beneficial effect on different cardiovascular risk factors, particularly in the presence of obesity, impaired glucose tolerance or a sedentary lifestyle.

Healthy Effects of Plant Polyphenols: Molecular Mechanisms

“…More recently, a cross-sectional sampling population study was carried out among Spanish people in 100 health centers, where 4572 individuals aged > 18 years, representative of the Spanish population, were analyzed on the basis of their use of olive or sunflower oil. According to the study, the intake of olive oil resulted as beneficial against several cardiovascular risk factors, particularly in obese people with a sedentary lifestyle, impaired glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance [57]. Another study carried out in the USA investigated the relation between intake of olive oil and incidence of T2DM; the study followed 59,930 women (35-65 years) for 22 years from the Nurses' Health Study and 85,157 women (26-45 years) from the NHS II with no diabetes, CVDs, or cancer at baseline.…”

Oleuropein: A natural antioxidant molecule in the treatment of metabolic syndrome

“…Olive oil, as well as the fruit juice of olives, is and has been the subject of great interest in phytochemical and pharmacologic research. Intake of olive oil has been associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer (Gimeno et al, ; Stoneham, Goldacre, Seagroatt, & Gill, ) and congenital heart disease (Buckland et al, ), potentially lower risk of osteoporosis (Saleh & Saleh, ), and development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) (Guasch‐Ferre et al, ; Soriguer, Rojo‐Martinez, Goday, Bosch‐Comas, & Bordiu, ). Diabetic patients consuming the MD rich in olive oil are observed to have reduced postprandial lipidemia and cholesterol (Cao et al, ) and patients supplemented with extra‐virgin olive oil experienced the same effect (R. Carnevale et al, ; Violi et al, ).…”

Olive oil consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in US women

“…The health effects of olive oil are traditionally attributed to its high MUFA content, mainly oleic acid (8). But olive oil, especially the extra-virgin variety of olive oil, also contains other bioactive compounds, such as lipid molecules (squalene, tocopherols) and hydrophilic compounds, such as polyphenols (6), that could exert by different mechanisms favorable effects on insulin sensitivity and T2D (9).…”

“…Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) 9 is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide, affecting more than 382 million people, or 8.3% of all adults, in 2013 (1). In 2035, the estimated number of adults with diabetes will increase to 592 million, w10% of the world's adult population (1).…”