Olive oil consumption and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Abstract

The clinical implications of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) derive from their potential to progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Inappropriate dietary fat intake, excessive intake of soft drinks, insulin resistance and increased oxidative stress results in increased free fatty acid delivery to the liver and increased hepatic triglyceride (TG) accumulation. An olive oil-rich diet decreases accumulation of TGs in the liver, improves postprandial TGs, glucose and glucagonlike peptide-1 responses in insulin-resistant subjects, and upregulates glucose transporter-2 expression in the liver. The principal mechanisms include: decreased nuclear factor-kappaB activation, decreased lowdensity lipoprotein oxidation, and improved insulin resistance by reduced production of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6) and improvement of jun N-terminal kinase-mediated phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1. The beneficial effect of the Mediterranean diet is derived from monounsaturated fatty acids, mainly from olive oil. In this review, we describe the dietary sources of the monounsaturated fatty acids, the composition of olive oil, dietary fats and their relationship to insulin resistance and postprandial lipid and glucose responses in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, clinical and experimental studies that assess the relationship between olive oil and NAFLD, and the mechanism by which olive oil ameliorates fatty liver, and we discuss future perspectives.

Biochemical and Histological effects of Aqueous extract of <i>Cyperus Esculentus</i> in Triton Wr-1339 Induced Hyperglycemic Rats.

“…Epidemiologic information demonstrates that the pathogenesis of fatty liver is related to high circulating cholesterol (Lankarani et al, 2013). The risk factors comprise of high fat and protein diet, male gender, the presence of metabolic syndrome characteristics, extra meals before sleep, and sedentary lifestyle.Although the mechanism is complex and poorly understood, it is believed to involve an imbalance of fatty acid metabolism that leads to hepatic triglyceride accumulation (Shi et al,2012).It is an important progressing liver damage and the high incidence of fatty liver indicated that there is a need for the new management of fatty liver and its related diseases (Gu et al,.2007;Assy et al,2009;Tsuruta et al,2011). The fatty liver can also lead to fibrotic change and cirrhosis, which have no potential drugs for the treatment (Zelber-Sagi,et al, 2011;Li et al,2010;Luper et al,1998).…”

Dietary approach in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

“…These cytokines trigger several signal transduction pathways, for example the serine/threonine kinases [protein kinase-C (PKC)], c-JUN NH2-terminal kinase-1 (JNK), and kappa B-kinase inhibitor, causing hepatic IR [6] . The PKC binds to the insulin receptor, inhibits its tyrosine kinase activity and interfere with the ability of insulin to phosphorylate the insulin receptor substrate-2 [18,19] . Furthermore, abundant dietary fat consumption increases FFAs delivered to the liver.…”

Association Between Fatty Liver and Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanism and Clinical Implications

“…Once the diagnosis of NAFLD was made, the first step will be a lifestyle intervention using a combination of diet, active walking, and behavior modification [118], with a goal of >10% weight reduction [119]. Mediterranean diet derived mainly from olive oil (rich in omega-9) is recommended [120,121]. We advise to reduce or discontinue the consumption of fast foods and regular soft drinks, which contain fructose [122].…”