Oligosaccharides Derived from Tramesan: Their Structure and Activity on Mycotoxin Inhibition in Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus carbonarius

Lončar, Jelena Vučak; Bellich, Barbara; Parroni, Alessia; Reverberi, Massimo; Rizzo, Roberto; Zjalić, Slaven; Cescutti, Paola

doi:10.3390/biom11020243

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Additionally, Tramesan was also found to have agricultural applications. It can be used as a natural alternative to crop protection chemicals for controlling the mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. carbonarius [183]. Finally, this exopolysaccharide inhibits the growth of wheat pathogens, Zymoseptoria tritici and Parastagonospora nodorum [184].…”

Section: Macrofungal β-Glucansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrofungi as a Nutraceutical Source: Promising Bioactive Compounds and Market Value

Niego

Rapior

Thongklang

et al. 2021

JoF

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Macrofungi production and economic value have been increasing globally. The demand for macrofungi has expanded rapidly owing to their popularity among consumers, pleasant taste, and unique flavors. The presence of high quality proteins, polysaccharides, unsaturated fatty acids, minerals, triterpene sterols, and secondary metabolites makes macrofungi an important commodity. Macrofungi are well known for their ability to protect from or cure various health problems, such as immunodeficiency, cancer, inflammation, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity. Many studies have demonstrated their medicinal properties, supported by both in vivo and in vitro experimental studies, as well as clinical trials. Numerous bioactive compounds isolated from mushrooms, such as polysaccharides, proteins, fats, phenolic compounds, and vitamins, possess strong bioactivities. Consequently, they can be considered as an important source of nutraceuticals. Numerous edible mushrooms have been studied for their bioactivities, but only a few species have made it to the market. Many species remain to be explored. The converging trends and popularity of eastern herbal medicines, natural/organic food product preference, gut-healthy products, and positive outlook towards sports nutrition are supporting the growth in the medicinal mushroom market. The consumption of medicinal mushrooms as functional food or dietary supplement is expected to markedly increase in the future. The global medicinal mushroom market size is projected to increase by USD 13.88 billion from 2018 to 2022. The global market values of promising bioactive compounds, such as lentinan and lovastatin, are also expected to rise. With such a market growth, mushroom nutraceuticals hold to be very promising in the years to come.

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Section: Macrofungal β-Glucansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrofungi as a Nutraceutical Source: Promising Bioactive Compounds and Market Value

Niego

Rapior

Thongklang

et al. 2021

JoF

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“…Many strategies have been predominantly based on the use of chemical compounds (pesticides and fungicides). The number of chemicals that were applied in the prevention of fungal growth and/or mycotoxin control has been banned by authorities [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. This, together with rising environmental awareness of the population, led to an increase in the research for new more environmentally friendly strategies in mycotoxin control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last 20 years, different research confirmed that mushroom polysaccharides could represent a valid tool in mycotoxin control [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. The most studied inhibiting effects of mushroom metabolites are those made with Lentinula edodes [ 22 ] and Trametes versicolor [ 15 , 24 , 25 ] using lyophilized culture filtrates. Moreover, Scarpari and collaborators [ 25 ] were able to identify the active principles produced by T. versicolor , which was an exopolysaccharide released in its culture filtrate, called tramesan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Mushroom Culture Filtrates on the Inhibition of Mycotoxins Produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus carbonarius

Lončar

Bellich

Cescutti

et al. 2023

Toxins

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Two of the mycotoxins of greatest agroeconomic significance are aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and ochratoxin A (OTA). It has been reported that extracts from some wood-decaying mushrooms, such as Lentinula edodes and Trametes versicolor showed the ability to inhibit AFB1 or OTA biosynthesis. Therefore, in our study, a wide screening of 42 isolates of different ligninolytic mushrooms was assayed for their ability to inhibit the synthesis of OTA in Aspergillus carbonarius and AFB1 in Aspergillus flavus, in order to find a metabolite that can simultaneously inhibit both mycotoxins. The results showed that four isolates produce metabolites able to inhibit the synthesis of OTA, and 11 isolates produced metabolites that inhibited AFB1 by >50%. Two strains, the Trametes versicolor strain TV117 and the Schizophyllum commune strain S.C. Ailanto, produced metabolites able to significantly inhibit (>90%) the synthesis of both mycotoxins. Preliminary results suggest that the mechanism of efficacy of the S. commune rough and semipurified polysaccharides could be analogous to that found previously for Tramesan®, by enhancing the antioxidant response in the target fungal cells. The overall results indicate that S. commune’s polysaccharide(s) could be a potential agent(s) in biological control and/or a useful component of the integrated strategies able to control mycotoxin synthesis.

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“…Fungal polysaccharides, including exopolysaccharides (EPS) and endopolysaccharides, isolated from fruiting bodies, cultured mycelia, and cultured broth, exhibit a variety of biological properties, including antioxidant, antiviral, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activities [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. An extracellular polysaccharide of Rhizopus nigricans inhibits the proliferation of colon cancer cells by relieving immunological inflammation in mice [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation, Purification, Structural Characterization, and Anticancer Activity of a Novel Exopolysaccharide from Mucor sp.

et al. 2022

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Mucor sp. has a wide range of applications in the food fermentation industry. In this study, a novel exopolysaccharide, labeled MSEPS, was separated from Mucor sp. fermentation broth through ethanol precipitation and was purified by ion-exchange chromatography, as well as gel filtration column chromatography. MSEPS was composed mostly of mannose, galactose, fucose, arabinose, and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.466:0.169:0.139:0.126:0.015 and had a molecular weight of 7.78 × 104 Da. The analysis of methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance results indicated that MSEPS mainly consisted of a backbone of →3,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, with substitution at O-3 of →6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ and →6)-β-d-Galp-(1→ by terminal α-l-Araf residues. MTT assays showed that MSEPS was nontoxic in normal cells (HK-2 cells) and inhibited the proliferation of carcinoma cells (SGC-7901 cells). Additionally, morphological analysis and flow cytometry experiments indicated that MSEPS promoted SGC-7901 cell death via apoptosis. Therefore, MSEPS from Mucor sp. can be developed as a potential antitumor agent.

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Oligosaccharides Derived from Tramesan: Their Structure and Activity on Mycotoxin Inhibition in Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus carbonarius

Cited by 6 publications

References 46 publications

Macrofungi as a Nutraceutical Source: Promising Bioactive Compounds and Market Value

Macrofungi as a Nutraceutical Source: Promising Bioactive Compounds and Market Value

The Effect of Mushroom Culture Filtrates on the Inhibition of Mycotoxins Produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus carbonarius

Separation, Purification, Structural Characterization, and Anticancer Activity of a Novel Exopolysaccharide from Mucor sp.

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