Oligomer Sensor Nanoarchitectonics for “Turn-On” Fluorescence Detection of Cholesterol at the Nanomolar Level

Abstract

Sensitive and rapid monitoring of cholesterol levels in the human body are highly desirable as they are directly related to the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. By using the nanoarchitectonic approach, a novel fluorescent conjugated oligofluorene (OFP-CD) functionalized with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was assembled for “Turn-On” fluorescence sensing of cholesterol. The appended β-CD units in OFP-CD enabled the forming of host-guest complexes with dabsyl chloride moieties in water, resulting in fluorescence quenching of the oligofluorene through intermolecular energy transfer. In the presence of cholesterol molecules, a more favorable host-guest complex with stoichiometry 1 cholesterol: 2 β-CD units was formed, replacing dabsyl chloride in β-CD’s cavities. This process resulted in fluorescence recovery of OFP-CD, owing to disruption of energy transfer. The potential of this nanoarchitectonic system for “Turn-On” sensing of cholesterol was extensively studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The high selectivity of the sensor for cholesterol was demonstrated using biologically relevant interfering compounds, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, metal ions, and anions. The detection limit (LOD value) was as low as 68 nM, affirming the high sensitivity of the current system.

Covalent nanoarchitectonics: Polymer synthesis with designer structures and sequences

“…53 Nanoarchitectonics can be also applied to any subject. It is applied in basic fields such as material synthesis, [54][55][56] structural control, 57,58 elucidation of physical phenomena, 59,60 and biochemical studies, 61,62 as well as in applied fields such as sensors, 63,64 devices, 65,66 catalysis, 67,68 energy, 69,70 environment, 71,72 and biomedicine. 73,74 Learning from self-assembly, which relies primarily on equilibrium processes, nanoarchitectonics combines equilibrium and parallel processes.…”

Disease Diagnosis with Chemosensing, Artificial Intelligence, and Prospective Contributions of Nanoarchitectonics

“…It is known to be useful in the field of biotechnology, encompassing basic biological [89][90][91][92] and biomedical applications [93][94][95][96]. It also has notable applications in various chemical sensors [97][98][99][100][101] and biosensors [102][103][104][105][106]. There is a high possibility for nanoarchitectonics to make major contributions to sensing in biological systems, which is necessary to address modern healthcare demands.…”

Molecule-to-Material-to-Bio Nanoarchitectonics with Biomedical Fullerene Nanoparticles

“…Since this methodology is based on a highly general concept, there are almost no restrictions on the materials and functions for which it can be applied. Therefore, nanoarchitectonics is being used in many research fields: basic science fields such as materials production [ 60 , 61 , 62 ], structural regulation [ 63 , 64 , 65 ], investigation of physical science [ 66 , 67 , 68 ], and basic biochemistry [ 69 , 70 , 71 ]; application-oriented fields such as energy [ 72 , 73 , 74 ], environmental [ 75 , 76 , 77 ], and biomedical [ 78 , 79 , 80 ]; and target-oriented fields such as catalysts [ 81 , 82 , 83 ], sensors [ 84 , 85 , 86 ], devices [ 87 , 88 , 89 ], and drug-delivery systems [ 90 , 91 , 92 ]. Since materials are fundamentally composed of atoms and molecules, the nanoarchitectonics methodology of building materials from atomic and molecular nano-units may be applicable to all materials.…”