We have generated a stable cell line expressing FLAG epitopetagged D3 dopamine receptors and used this cell line to study D3 receptor-protein interactions. To analyze protein interactions, we separately introduced into the stable cell line either D3 receptors carrying an hemagglutinin (HA) epitope tag, or an HA-tagged version of the D3 receptor splice variant D3nf. A combination of confocal laser microscopy and coimmunoprecipitation was used to assay the formation and expression pattern of D3-D3 homodimers or D3-D3nf heterodimers. When coexpressed in HEK 293 cells, FLAG-and HA-tagged D3 receptors exhibited a similar plasma membrane distribution. Using an HA epitope tag-specific antibody, we coimmunoprecipitated HA-and FLAG-tagged D3 receptors, suggesting that D3 receptors are capable of forming homodimers. Epitope-tagged D3nf polypeptides exhibited a markedly different cellular distribution than D3 receptors. When expressed in HEK 293 cells, either alone or in combination with FLAG-tagged D3 receptors, D3nf exhibited a punctate perinuclear distribution. When D3nf was introduced into the stable D3-expressing cell line, D3 receptors were no longer visualized at the plasma membrane. Instead, D3 and D3nf showed a similar, predominantly cytosolic, localization. Using the HA-specific antibody, we were able to coimmunoprecipitate D3 and D3nf polypeptides from transfected cells. These data suggest the existence of physical interaction between D3 and D3nf. This interaction appears to result in the mislocalization of D3 receptors from the plasma membrane to an intracellular compartment, a finding that could be of significance in the etiology of schizophrenia.Dopamine neurotransmission in mammalian brain is mediated by a cohort of receptors that are members of the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In humans, five dopamine receptor subtypes (D1-D5) have been identified by molecular cloning (reviewed in Missale et al., 1998). The five dopamine receptors have been grouped into two subfamilies based upon sequence homologies and pharmacologic profiles. The D1 class of dopamine receptors is comprised of the D1 and D5 receptor subtypes. These receptors are expressed at high levels in cerebral cortex and are coupled to stimulatory subsets of heterotrimeric G proteins. The D2 class of dopamine receptors, consisting of the D2, D3, and D4 subtypes, is coupled to inhibitory subsets of G proteins and is a major target of antipsychotic drugs.Among the D2 class of dopamine receptors, the D3 receptor is distinctive in that it is distributed preferentially in limbic areas of the brain (nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, islands of Calleja, and hippocampus) thought to control cognitive and emotional aspects of behavior (Bouthenet et al., 1991). The D3 receptor has also been shown to bind most antipsychotic drugs, both typical and atypical, with high affinity (Levant, 1997). Because of its anatomic distribution and interaction with antipsychotic drugs, the D3 dopamine receptor has been suggested to play a role i...