Oligofructose improves small intestinal lipid-sensing mechanisms via alterations to the small intestinal microbiota

Abstract

Background Upper small intestinal dietary lipids activate a gut-brain axis regulating energy homeostasis. The prebiotic, oligofructose (OFS) improves body weight and adiposity during metabolic dysregulation but the exact mechanisms remain unknown. This study examines whether alterations to the small intestinal microbiota following OFS treatment improve small intestinal lipid-sensing to regulate food intake in high fat (HF)-fed rats. Results In rats fed a HF diet for 4 weeks, OFS supplementation decreased food intake and meal size within 2 days, and reduced body weight and adiposity after 6 weeks. Acute (3 day) OFS treatment restored small intestinal lipid-induced satiation during HF-feeding, and was associated with increased small intestinal CD36 expression, portal GLP-1 levels and hindbrain neuronal activation following a small intestinal lipid infusion. Transplant of the small intestinal microbiota from acute OFS treated donors into HF-fed rats also restored lipid-sensing mechanisms to lower food intake. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that both long and short-term OFS altered the small intestinal microbiota, increasing Bifidobacterium relative abundance. Small intestinal administration of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum to HF-fed rats improved small intestinal lipid-sensing to decrease food intake. Conclusion OFS supplementation rapidly modulates the small intestinal gut microbiota, which mediates improvements in small intestinal lipid sensing mechanisms that control food intake to improve energy homeostasis.

Dendrobium huoshanense Polysaccharide Improves High‐Fat Diet Induced Liver Injury by Regulating the Gut‐Liver Axis

“…At the species levels, DHP promoted the proliferation of B. pseudoentericum and B. animalis in the intestine. Studies had shown that supplementation with B. pseudoentericum activated the gut brain axis, induced satiety, inhibited food intake, ultimately inhibited obesity and improved lipid metabolism, [37] which was consistent that DHP inhibited HFD-induced obesity in Model mice. In addition, β-diversity analysis results showed that the structure of the gut flora in the Model group deviated dramatically from the Control group.…”

High-protein high-konjac glucomannan diets changed glucose and lipid metabolism by modulating colonic microflora and bile acid profiles in healthy mouse models

“…A previous study also found that fructooligosaccharides decreased the Oscillospiraceae abundance in the small intestine of rats. 14 However, protein supplementation had a modest impact on microbial abundance as reported in a previous study on pigs and humans. 17,35 The high konjac glucomannan contents increased Bacteroides and Alloprevotella abundance; this is associated with the degradation of the utilization of dietary fiber in the intestines of humans and animal models and helps maintain the health of the intestinal microecosystem.…”

“…12,13 Additionally, recent research has highlighted that oligofructose supplementation modulated the gut microbiota, which mediated improvements in intestinal lipid sensing mechanisms that controlled food intake to regulate energy homeostasis in high-fat fed rats. 14 However, it should be noted that high fat and high sugar contents could mask the effects of dietary intervention when we interpret the effects of high DF and/or protein.…”

Advancing lifelong precision medicine for cardiovascular diseases through gut microbiota modulation

“…Another study found that prebiotic oligofructose (OFS) quickly increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium in the small intestine and improved its lipid sensing mechanism to restore normal appetite through the gut-brain axis. 110 Ligilactobacillus murinus , as a probiotic supplement, upregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) in intestinal epithelial cells to alleviate lipid metabolism turbulence. 111 This indicated that the obesity could be intervened in early life and would exert persistent effect lifelong.…”

“… 107 Antibiotics-treated and HFD young mice Probiotics Ligilactobacillus murinus Reduced fat accumulation by activating intestinal PPAR-γ 111 High-fat-diet mice Prebiotic Oligofructose Increase CD36 in the small intestine, portal vein GLP-1 levels, and activation of posterior brain neurons to improve energy homeostasis. 110 Myocarditis Autoimmune myocarditis mice FMT FMTs from an untreated male mouse donor Rebalanced the gut microbiota and attenuated myocarditis by decreasing IFN-γ in the heart tissue and CD4+IFN-γ+cells in the spleen. 113 Alcoholic abuse Ethanol-diets rats Probiotics Lactobacillus species GG Reduced endotoxemia and alcohol-induced liver injury by decreasing plasma endotoxin 220 HTN Mineralocorticoid-treated mice Diet High-fiber diet or acetate supplementation Increased Bacteroides acidifaciens and reduced blood pressures, cardiac fibrosis, and left ventricular hypertrophy.…”