Oligodendroglia: metabolic supporters of neurons

Philips, Thomas; Rothstein, Jeffrey D.

doi:10.1172/jci90610

Cited by 234 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…), which impairs the noradrenaline‐mediated glycogenolysis necessary to exploit this energy reservoir for neurons and their axons, thus leading to disrupted ion gradients that disturb the excitability of axons. Also, disrupted metabolic support from oligodendrocytes contributes to axonal damage and disease progression (summarized in (Philips and Rothstein )).…”

Section: Disturbed Energy Homeostasis As a Hallmark Of Cns Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The energetic brain – A review from students to students

Bordone

Salman

Titus

et al. 2019

Journal of Neurochemistry

147

112

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The past 20 years have resulted in unprecedented progress in understanding brain energy metabolism and its role in health and disease. In this review, which was initiated at the 14th International Society for Neurochemistry Advanced School, we address the basic concepts of brain energy metabolism and approach the question of why the brain has high energy expenditure. Our review illustrates that the vertebrate brain has a high need for energy because of the high number of neurons and the need to maintain a delicate interplay between energy metabolism, neurotransmission, and plasticity. Disturbances to the energetic balance, to mitochondria quality control or to glia–neuron metabolic interaction may lead to brain circuit malfunction or even severe disorders of the CNS. We cover neuronal energy consumption in neural transmission and basic (‘housekeeping’) cellular processes. Additionally, we describe the most common (glucose) and alternative sources of energy namely glutamate, lactate, ketone bodies, and medium chain fatty acids. We discuss the multifaceted role of non‐neuronal cells in the transport of energy substrates from circulation (pericytes and astrocytes) and in the supply (astrocytes and microglia) and usage of different energy fuels. Finally, we address pathological consequences of disrupted energy homeostasis in the CNS.

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Section: Disturbed Energy Homeostasis As a Hallmark Of Cns Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The energetic brain – A review from students to students

Bordone

Salman

Titus

et al. 2019

Journal of Neurochemistry

147

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, occlusion of the middle cerebral artery leads to oligodendrocyte swelling within 30 min and precedes neuronal necrosis by several hours (Pantoni et al, ). Accumulating evidence indicates that, besides forming and maintaining myelin, oligodendrocytes support axonal metabolism by shuttling energy‐related metabolites such as lactate to the axons (Philips and Rothstein, ). Thus, it is possible that fuelling neurons and supporting the integrity of myelinated axons during extended wake occur at the cost of myelin thinning.…”

Section: Sleep and Myelinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of sleep and wakefulness in myelin plasticity

Vivo

Bellesi

2019

Glia

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Myelin plasticity is gaining increasing recognition as an essential partner to synaptic plasticity, which mediates experience‐dependent brain structure and function. However, how neural activity induces adaptive myelination and which mechanisms are involved remain open questions. More than two decades of transcriptomic studies in rodents have revealed that hundreds of brain transcripts change their expression in relation to the sleep–wake cycle. These studies consistently report upregulation of myelin‐related genes during sleep, suggesting that sleep represents a window of opportunity during which myelination occurs. In this review, we summarize recent molecular and morphological studies detailing the dependence of myelin dynamics after sleep, wake, and chronic sleep loss, a condition that can affect myelin substantially. We present novel data about the effects of sleep loss on the node of Ranvier length and provide a hypothetical mechanism through which myelin changes in response to sleep loss. Finally, we discuss the current findings in humans, which appear to confirm the important role of sleep in promoting white matter integrity.

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“…Accelerated remyelination is sufficient to preserve axons following T‐cell mediated demyelination (Mei et al, ). Rapid remyelination may restore metabolic support of the axon to the oligodendrocyte (Philips & Rothstein, ; Saab & Nave, ), protect against inflammatory mediators like nitric oxide (Redford et al, ), and calcium accumulation within the axon (Witte et al, ). It is therefore possible that demyelinated axons after SCI may be more vulnerable to loss given the relatively sluggish remyelination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fate and function of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells after traumatic spinal cord injury

Duncan

Manesh

Hilton

et al. 2019

Glia

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Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are the most proliferative and dispersed population of progenitor cells in the adult central nervous system, which allows these cells to rapidly respond to damage. Oligodendrocytes and myelin are lost after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), compromising efficient conduction and, potentially, the long‐term health of axons. In response, OPCs proliferate and then differentiate into new oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells to remyelinate axons. This culminates in highly efficient remyelination following experimental SCI in which nearly all intact demyelinated axons are remyelinated in rodent models. However, myelin regeneration comprises only one role of OPCs following SCI. OPCs contribute to scar formation after SCI and restrict the regeneration of injured axons. Moreover, OPCs alter their gene expression following demyelination, express cytokines and perpetuate the immune response. Here, we review the functional contribution of myelin regeneration and other recently uncovered roles of OPCs and their progeny to repair following SCI.

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Oligodendroglia: metabolic supporters of neurons

Cited by 234 publications

References 113 publications

The energetic brain – A review from students to students

The energetic brain – A review from students to students

The role of sleep and wakefulness in myelin plasticity

The fate and function of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells after traumatic spinal cord injury

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