Oligodendrocyte Progenitors Display Enhanced Proliferation and Autophagy after Space Flight

Tran, V.H.; Carpo, Nicholas; Cepeda, Carlos; Espinosa‐Jeffrey, Araceli

doi:10.3390/biom13020201

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Here we report two novel findings: the increased secretion of ER stress related proteins SPARC, calreticulin, and endoplasmin by space flight and the induction of ALB in NSCs detected after space flight. While the SPC-NSCs-produced secretome gave rise to the same effects on naïve NSCs, we have also observed a similar phenomenon produced by the secretome of SPC-flown OLPs [46]. Nonetheless, the different cell types that form the CNS and the vasculature, either alone or in concert, may respond differently to microgravity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Space Flight Enhances Stress Pathways in Human Neural Stem Cells

Carpo,

Tran,

Biancotti

et al. 2024

Biomolecules

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Mammalian cells have evolved to function under Earth’s gravity, but how they respond to microgravity remains largely unknown. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are essential for the maintenance of central nervous system (CNS) functions during development and the regeneration of all CNS cell populations. Here, we examined the behavior of space (SPC)-flown NSCs as they readapted to Earth’s gravity. We found that most of these cells survived the space flight and self-renewed. Yet, some showed enhanced stress responses as well as autophagy-like behavior. To ascertain if the secretome from SPC-flown NSCs contained molecules inducing these responses, we incubated naïve, non-starved NSCs in a medium containing SPC-NSC secretome. We found a four-fold increase in stress responses. Proteomic analysis of the secretome revealed that the protein of the highest content produced by SPC-NSCs was secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), which induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, resulting in the cell’s demise. These results offer novel knowledge on the response of neural cells, particularly NSCs, subjected to space microgravity. Moreover, some secreted proteins have been identified as microgravity sensing, paving a new venue for future research aiming at targeting the SPARC metabolism. Although we did not establish a direct relationship between microgravity-induced stress and SPARC as a potential marker, these results represent the first step in the identification of gravity sensing molecules as targets to be modulated and to design effective countermeasures to mitigate intracranial hypertension in astronauts using structure-based protein design.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Space Flight Enhances Stress Pathways in Human Neural Stem Cells

Carpo,

Tran,

Biancotti

et al. 2024

Biomolecules

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…In summary, here we report two novel findings: the increased secretion of ER stress related proteins SPARC, calreticulin and endoplasmin by space flight and the induction of ALB in NSCs detected after space flight. While the SPC-NSCs-produced secretome gave rise to the same effects on naïve NSCs, we have also observed a similar phenomenon produced by the secretome of SPC-flown OLPs [39]. Nonetheless, the different cell types that form the CNS and the vasculature, either alone or in concert may respond differently to microgravity.…”

Section: Space Flight and Radiation During Spx-16supporting

confidence: 67%

Space Flight Enhances Autophagy-like Behavior in Human Neural Stem Cells

Carpo,

Tran,

Biancotti

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Mammalian cells have evolved to function under Earth’s gravity, but how they respond to microgravity remains largely unknown. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are essential for the maintenance of central nervous system (CNS) functions during development and the regeneration of all CNS cell populations. Here, we examined the behavior of space (SPC)-flown NSCs as they readapted to Earth’s gravity. We found that most of these cells survived the space flight and self-renewed. Yet, some showed autophagy-like behaviors (ALB). To ascertain if the secretome from SPC-flown NSCs contained molecules inducing this behavior, we incubated naïve, non-starved NSCs in a medium containing SPC-NSCs secretome. We found a four-fold increase in the ALB rate. Proteomic analysis of the secretome revealed that the protein of highest content produced by SPC-NSCs was secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), which triggers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress leading to lethal ALB. These results offer novel knowledge on the response of neural cells, particularly NSCs, subjected to space microgravity. Moreover, some secreted proteins have been identified as microgravity sensing, paving a new venue for future research aiming at targeting SPARC metabolism. Although we did not establish a direct relationship between ALB and SPARC as a potential marker, these results represent the first step in the identification of gravity sensing molecules as targets to be modulated and to design effective countermeasures to mitigate intracranial hypertension in astronauts using structure-based-protein design.

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“…Exploration of the Universe has become reality. Since the 1990s, a large number of publications have appeared reporting changes in gene expression, protein synthesis and secretion in cells, tissues and animals exposed to r-and s-µg [20,32,44,[228][229][230][231][232][233][234][235][236][237]. As a result, we are expanding our knowledge more and more about the stay and its effects on humans, animals, microorganisms, bacteria, and cells in space.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omics Studies of Tumor Cells under Microgravity Conditions

Graf,

Schulz,

Wehland

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Cancer is defined as a group of diseases characterized by abnormal cell growth, expansion, and progression with metastasis. Various signaling pathways are involved in its development. Malignant tumors exhibit a high morbidity and mortality. Cancer research increased our knowledge about some of the underlying mechanisms, but to this day, our understanding of this disease is unclear. High throughput omics technology and bioinformatics were successful in detecting some of the unknown cancer mechanisms. However, novel groundbreaking research and ideas are necessary. A stay in orbit causes biochemical and molecular biological changes in human cancer cells which are first, and above all, due to microgravity (µg). The µg-environment provides conditions that are not reachable on Earth, which allow researchers to focus on signaling pathways controlling cell growth and metastasis. Cancer research in space already demonstrated how cancer cell-exposure to µg influenced several biological processes being involved in cancer. This novel approach has the potential to fight cancer and to develop future cancer strategies. Space research has been shown to impact biological processes in cancer cells like proliferation, apoptosis, cell survival, adhesion, migration, the cytoskeleton, the extracellular matrix, focal adhesion, and growth factors, among others. This concise review focuses on publications related to genetic, transcriptional, epigenetic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies on tumor cells exposed to real space conditions or to simulated µg using simulation devices. We discuss all omics studies investigating different tumor cell types from the brain and hematological system, sarcomas, as well as thyroid, prostate, breast, gynecologic, gastrointestinal, and lung cancers, in order to gain new and innovative ideas for understanding the basic biology of cancer.

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Oligodendrocyte Progenitors Display Enhanced Proliferation and Autophagy after Space Flight

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Space Flight Enhances Stress Pathways in Human Neural Stem Cells

Space Flight Enhances Stress Pathways in Human Neural Stem Cells

Space Flight Enhances Autophagy-like Behavior in Human Neural Stem Cells

Omics Studies of Tumor Cells under Microgravity Conditions

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