Oligodendrocyte Physiology and Pathology Function

Kipp, Markus

doi:10.3390/cells9092078

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In MS, degeneration of myelin is a result of inflammatory destruction of oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths. MS pathology is associated with the development of large, demyelinated plaques, oligodendrocyte destruction, and axonal degeneration in the CNS [ 15 ]. The adaptive immune system is considered to contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of MS. T cells and B cells are selectively recruited by target antigens expressed in the CNS [ 16 ].…”

Section: Inflammatory Destruction Of Oligodendrocytes and Myelin Sheathsmentioning

confidence: 99%

FGF/FGFR Pathways in Multiple Sclerosis and in Its Disease Models

Rajendran

Böttiger

Stadelmann

et al. 2021

Cells

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting more than two million people worldwide. In MS, oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths are destroyed by autoimmune-mediated inflammation, while remyelination is impaired. Recent investigations of post-mortem tissue suggest that Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling may regulate inflammation and myelination in MS. FGF2 expression seems to correlate positively with macrophages/microglia and negatively with myelination; FGF1 was suggested to promote remyelination. In myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35–55-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), systemic deletion of FGF2 suggested that FGF2 may promote remyelination. Specific deletion of FGF receptors (FGFRs) in oligodendrocytes in this EAE model resulted in a decrease of lymphocyte and macrophage/microglia infiltration as well as myelin and axon degeneration. These effects were mediated by ERK/Akt phosphorylation, a brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and downregulation of inhibitors of remyelination. In the first part of this review, the most important pharmacotherapeutic principles for MS will be illustrated, and then we will review recent advances made on FGF signaling in MS. Thus, we will suggest application of FGFR inhibitors, which are currently used in Phase II and III cancer trials, as a therapeutic option to reduce inflammation and induce remyelination in EAE and eventually MS.

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Section: Inflammatory Destruction Of Oligodendrocytes and Myelin Sheathsmentioning

confidence: 99%

FGF/FGFR Pathways in Multiple Sclerosis and in Its Disease Models

Rajendran

Böttiger

Stadelmann

et al. 2021

Cells

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“…Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Additionally, viable oligodendrocytes and an intact myelin sheath are indispensable for neuronal health [ 33 , 34 ]. Cluster5, cluster7, and cluster18 were identified as microglia, which are essential for maintaining the health and normal function of the CNS [ 35 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Modulatory Effect of Cyclocarya paliurus Flavonoids on Intestinal Microbiota and Hypothalamus Clock Genes in a Circadian Rhythm Disorder Mouse Model

Sun

Liu

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Circadian rhythm disruption is detrimental and results in adverse health consequences. We used a multi-omics profiling approach to investigate the effects of Cyclocarya paliurus flavonoid (CPF)-enriched diets on gut microbiota, metabolites, and hypothalamus clock genes in mice with induced circadian rhythm disruption. It was observed that CPF supplementation altered the specific composition and function of gut microbiota and metabolites induced by circadian rhythm disruption. Analysis showed that the abundance of Akkermansia increased, while the abundance of Clostridiales and Ruminiclostridium displayed a significant downward trend after the CPF intervention. Correlation analysis also revealed that these gut microbes had certain correlations with the metabolites, suggesting that CPFs help the intestinal microbiota to repair the intestinal environment and modulate the release of some beneficial metabolites. Notably, single-cell RNA-seq revealed that CPF supplementation significantly regulated the expression of genes associated with circadian rhythm, myelination, and neurodegenerative diseases. Altogether, these findings highlight that CPFs may represent a promising dietary therapeutic strategy for treating circadian rhythm disruption.

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“…The in vitro studies were conducted on OLN-93 cells, which is an oligodendroglia cell line derived from primary rat brain glial cultures. Oligodendrocytes are part of a network of interconnected glial and neuronal cells, with an important role in providing physical and metabolic support for neurons, responding to neural activity, and regulating the homeostasis of water and ions [ 38 , 39 ]. The OLN-93 cell line is highly reactive to the environment to which it expresses morphological changes, depending on the stage of cell differentiation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Direct Writing via Two-Photon Polymerization of 3D Hierarchical Structures with Cells-Antiadhesive Properties

Păun

Călin

Mustăciosu

et al. 2021

IJMS

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We report the design and fabrication by laser direct writing via two photons polymerization of innovative hierarchical structures with cell-repellency capability. The structures were designed in the shape of “mushrooms”, consisting of an underside (mushroom’s leg) acting as a support structure and a top side (mushroom’s hat) decorated with micro- and nanostructures. A ripple-like pattern was created on top of the mushrooms, over length scales ranging from several µm (microstructured mushroom-like pillars, MMP) to tens of nm (nanostructured mushroom-like pillars, NMP). The MMP and NMP structures were hydrophobic, with contact angles of (127 ± 2)° and (128 ± 4)°, respectively, whereas flat polymer surfaces were hydrophilic, with a contact angle of (43 ± 1)°. The cell attachment on NMP structures was reduced by 55% as compared to the controls, whereas for the MMP, a reduction of only 21% was observed. Moreover, the MMP structures preserved the native spindle-like with phyllopodia cellular shape, whereas the cells from NMP structures showed a round shape and absence of phyllopodia. Overall, the NMP structures were more effective in impeding the cellular attachment and affected the cell shape to a greater extent than the MMP structures. The influence of the wettability on cell adhesion and shape was less important, the cellular behavior being mainly governed by structures’ topography.

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Oligodendrocyte Physiology and Pathology Function

Abstract: The adult vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) mainly consists of neurons, astrocytes, microglia cells and oligodendrocytes [...]

Cited by 16 publications

References 36 publications

FGF/FGFR Pathways in Multiple Sclerosis and in Its Disease Models

FGF/FGFR Pathways in Multiple Sclerosis and in Its Disease Models

The Modulatory Effect of Cyclocarya paliurus Flavonoids on Intestinal Microbiota and Hypothalamus Clock Genes in a Circadian Rhythm Disorder Mouse Model

Laser Direct Writing via Two-Photon Polymerization of 3D Hierarchical Structures with Cells-Antiadhesive Properties

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