“…Northwestern Iran is characterized by well-exposed Mesozoic and Cenozoic marine strata (e.g., Sarfi and Yazdi-Moghadam 2016 ; Yazdi-Moghadam et al 2017 ; Omidvar et al 2018 ; Yazdi-Moghadam et al 2018a , b ). Oligo-Miocene shallow-marine carbonates often contain diverse assemblages of larger benthic foraminifera (LBF) that have been extensively used for biostratigraphic dating, palaeoenvironmental interpretation, and palaeobiogeography of shallow-marine sequences of the Western Tethys, the Middle East, and the Indo-Pacific region (e.g., Cushman 1939 ; Henson 1948 ; Drooger 1952 ; Bozorgnia 1966 ; Hansen and Lykke-Andersen 1976 ; Schaub 1981 ; Less 1991 ; Cahuzac and Poignant 1997 ; Vaziri-Moghaddam et al 2006 ; Hottinger 2007 ; 脰zcan and Less 2009 ; Boukhary et al 2010 ; 脰zcan et al 2010 ; Sirel et al 2013 ; Hakyemez et al 2016 ; Saraswati et al 2018 ). Associated with the other shallow-marine biota (e.g., echinoderms, pelecypods, gastropods, coralline algae), LBF characterize widespread platform carbonates of the Oligo-Miocene age which are known under different formational names from central and southern Iran, e.g., Asmari, Mishan, and Gachsaran formations (Zagros Mountains), or Qom Formation (Central Iran).…”