Oligocene and Miocene paleogeography of central California and displacement along the San Andreas fault

Graham, Stephan A.; Stanley, Richard G.; Bent, James V.; Carter, J. B.

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<0711:oampoc>2.3.co;2

Cited by 68 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…For example, constraints from drill core cuttings and geophysical measurements around the San Andreas Fault show that a damage zone thickness of 250-300 m is possible around frictionally weak faults [Bradbury et al, 2007], considerably greater than our estimates for the décollement at the JFAST site (Figure 6a). However, the displacement on the San Andreas is~320 km [Graham et al, 1989], 2 orders of magnitude more than the estimated displacement for the footwall at the JFAST site. This suggests that any effect of friction on damage zone characteristics may only be evident for small displacement faults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The damage is done: Low fault friction recorded in the damage zone of the shallow Japan Trench décollement

Keren

Kirkpatrick

2016

JGR Solid Earth

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Fault damage zones record the integrated deformation caused by repeated slip on faults and reflect the conditions that control slip behavior. To investigate the Japan Trench décollement, we characterized the damage zone close to the fault from drill core recovered during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 343 (Japan Trench Fast Drilling Project (JFAST)). Core‐scale and microscale structures include phyllosilicate bands, shear fractures, and joints. They are most abundant near the décollement and decrease in density sharply above and below the fault. Power law fits describing the change in structure density with distance from the fault result in decay exponents (n) of 1.57 in the footwall and 0.73 in the hanging wall. Microstructure decay exponents are 1.09 in the footwall and 0.50 in the hanging wall. Observed damage zone thickness is on the order of a few tens of meters. Core‐scale structures dip between ~10° and ~70° and are mutually crosscutting. Compared to similar offset faults, the décollement has large decay exponents and a relatively narrow damage zone. Motivated by independent constraints demonstrating that the plate boundary is weak, we tested if the observed damage zone characteristics could be consistent with low‐friction fault. Quasi‐static models of off‐fault stresses and deformation due to slip on a wavy, frictional fault under conditions similar to the JFAST site predict that low‐friction fault produces narrow damage zones with no preferred orientations of structures. These results are consistent with long‐term frictional weakness on the décollement at the JFAST site.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The damage is done: Low fault friction recorded in the damage zone of the shallow Japan Trench décollement

Keren

Kirkpatrick

2016

JGR Solid Earth

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“…The same early Miocene features that limit late Miocene strike slip in the region apply to proposed early Miocene strike slip [Smith, 1977;Powell, 1981a;Powell and Weldon, 1992, Matti and Morton, in press] on this fault as well. About 100 krn of right slip documented on the central San Andreas fault between 20-17 and 12-13 Ma [Graham et al, 1989;Powell and Weldon, 1992 These changes in the geometry of the rocks NE of the San Andreas fault will have a significant impact on reconstnlctions across the San Andreas system. As an example, the sketch in Figure 12 indicates how the San Gabriel-Liebre Mountain block can be restored along this boundary to match rock units both north and south of the Clemens Well fault without major strike slip on this fault.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Chocolate Mountains and Oroeopia Mountains, the volcanic rocks are complexly deformed by NW-trending folds, and faults in a variety of orientations ['Dillon, 1975;Crowell, 1975]. Day and Sims, 1986;Graham et al, 1989;Powell and Weldon, 1992]. Powell and Weldon [1992] Powell and Weldon, 1992, p. 446].…”

Section: Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Palinspastic reconstruction of southeastern California and southwestern Arizona for the Middle Miocene

Richard¹

1993

Tectonics

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A paleogeographic reconstruction of southeastern California and southwestern Arizona at 10 Ma has been made based on available geologic and geophysical data. Clockwise rotation of 39° has been reconstructed in the eastern Transverse Ranges, consistent with paleomagnetic data from late Miocene volcanic rocks, and with slip estimates for left‐lateral faults within the eastern Transverse Ranges and NW‐trending right‐lateral faults in the Mojave Desert. This domain of rotated rocks is bounded by the Pinto Mountain fault on the north. The model requires that the western part of the late Miocene Pinto Mountain fault was a thrust fault, which gained displacement to the west, because of the absence of evidence for rotation of the San Bernardino Mountains or for significant right slip faults within the San Bernardino Mountains. The Squaw Peak thrust system of Meisling and Weldon (1989) may be a western continuation of this fault system. The Sheep Hole fault bounds the rotating domain on the east. East of this fault an array of NW‐trending right slip faults and south‐trending extensional transfer zones has produced a basin and range physiography while accumulating up to 16 km of right slip. This maximum is significantly less than the 37.5 km of right slip required in this region by a recent reconstruction of the central Mojave Desert (Dokka and Travis, 1990a). Geologic relations along the southern boundary of the rotating domain are poorly known, but this boundary is interpreted to involve a series of curved strike slip faults and linking normal faults that accommodated noncoaxial extension. Quaternary movement on the Pinto Mountain and nearby faults is unrelated to the rotation of the eastern Transverse Ranges, and a hiatus during part of Pliocene time followed the deformation which produced the rotation. The reconstructed Clemens Well fault in the Orocopia Mountains, proposed as a major early Miocene strand of the San Andreas fault, projects eastward towards Arizona, where early Miocene rocks and structures are continuous across its trace, making large displacements on this structure unlikely. The model predicts a 14° clockwise rotation and 32% extension during late Miocene and early Pliocene time along a NW‐trending line parallel to the present trace of the San Andreas fault. Palinspastic reconstructions of the San Andreas system based on this proposed reconstruction may be significantly modified from current models.

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“…We are aware of the already complex and confusing terrane nomenclature of the California Coast Ranges, and thus the danger of introducing yet another set of names for tectonic blocks in this region. However, we believe that this tectonic classification is a simplifying one -it is based on the observation that most of the separate blocks of the Coast Ranges were locked together possibly by the latest Cretaceous or during the Early Cenozoic, and the 'out-of-place' nature of these rocks is fundamentally related to the San Andreas fault system (Graham et al 1989), not cryptic and/or poorly defined pre-Cenozoic structures. The Monterey terrane was translated 310-350 km to the north by the San Andreas fault with respect to its origin in southern California (Page et al 1998).…”

Section: Geotectonic Background and Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectonic underplating of trench sediments beneath magmatic arcs: the central California example

Ducea

Kidder

Chesley

et al. 2009

International Geology Review

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Oligocene and Miocene paleogeography of central California and displacement along the San Andreas fault

Cited by 68 publications

References 0 publications

The damage is done: Low fault friction recorded in the damage zone of the shallow Japan Trench décollement

The damage is done: Low fault friction recorded in the damage zone of the shallow Japan Trench décollement

Palinspastic reconstruction of southeastern California and southwestern Arizona for the Middle Miocene

Tectonic underplating of trench sediments beneath magmatic arcs: the central California example

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