Olfactory Virtual Reality: A New Frontier in the Treatment and Prevention of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Herz, Rachel S.

doi:10.3390/brainsci11081070

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…Perhaps a remarkable example of using odor treatment for emotional distress is its use to treat patients with PTSD. In recent years, we have seen the emergence of olfactory virtual reality (OVR) as an effective means to treat PTSD [22,23].…”

Section: Memory Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It appears to be uniquely positioned to be used in the treatment of PTSD symptoms due to unique emotional features of olfactory processing and odor-evoked memory. Systematic desensitization, prolonged exposure, reappraisal strategies, and conditioning odors are being used for emotional calming and are examples of OVR treatment strategies for PTSD [22].…”

Section: Memory Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Olfactory Imagery and Emotional Control

Portner¹

2022

Learning and Memory - From Molecules and Cells to Mind and Behavior

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Olfaction and gustation are important survival mechanisms. These sensory modalities also have an impact on memory and emotions. Olfactory stimulation has recently been used in virtual reality environments to treat emotional distress. There is evidence that olfactory and gustatory stimuli reach the insula, where they influence a number of other brain networks. There is little research on the use of smell and taste during mindfulness, but it will be shown that they can foster balanced emotional responses. In this chapter, we will look at how to incorporate olfactory and gustatory memory-based experiences during mindfulness exercises to bring about emotional homeostasis.

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Section: Memory Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Memory Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Imagery and Emotional Control

Portner¹

2022

Learning and Memory - From Molecules and Cells to Mind and Behavior

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“…As far as natural odor delivery of odors and BCI applications are concerned, systems appear more appropriate that at are currently used in virtual-reality systems ( Washburn et al, 2003 ; Richard et al, 2006 ; Munyan et al, 2016 ) and movie theaters ( Kim et al, 2006 ; McGinley and McGinley, 2017 ) where they improve the sense of presence and the overall experience. Given this trend for using near-natural environments that incorporate multiple sensory modalities, including olfaction, we suggest that such environments could be complemented with measurements of brain activity and potentially with BCIs that enable direct communication between the environment and the brain, with practical applications such as relaxation ( Serrano et al, 2016 ; Amores et al, 2018 ) and therapy ( Aiken and Berry, 2015 ; Herz, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental paradigm for studying EEG correlates of olfactory discrimination

Ninenko

Kleeva

Bukreev³

et al. 2023

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Electroencephalography (EEG) correlates of olfaction are of fundamental and practical interest for many reasons. In the field of neural technologies, olfactory-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) represent an approach that could be useful for neurorehabilitation of anosmia, dysosmia and hyposmia. While the idea of a BCI that decodes neural responses to different odors and/or enables odor-based neurofeedback is appealing, the results of previous EEG investigations into the olfactory domain are rather inconsistent, particularly when non-primary processing of olfactory signals is concerned. Here we developed an experimental paradigm where EEG recordings are conducted while a participant executes an olfaction-based instructed-delay task. We utilized an olfactory display and a sensor of respiration to deliver odors in a strictly controlled fashion. We showed that with this approach spatial and spectral EEG properties could be analyzed to assess neural processing of olfactory stimuli and their conversion into a motor response. We conclude that EEG recordings are suitable for detecting active processing of odors. As such they could be integrated in a BCI that strives to rehabilitate olfactory disabilities or uses odors for hedonistic purposes.

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“…Many sub-fields of HCI note this discrepancy, one of these is olfactory interface research. Odors play critical roles in our lives: from the pleasures of food [23] to detecting potential hazards [27] to an essential role in memories and emotions [13,24]. HCI researchers have been leveraging these opportunities [20] in interactive experiences, such as to increase virtual presence [2], provide notifications [17], promote wellbeing [1], and enhance safety [18], just to cite a few.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Third Wave or Winter? The Past and Future of Smell in HCI

Brooks

Lopes

Obrist

et al. 2023

Extended Abstracts of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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Over the last hundred years, the integration of scent in technology could roughly be seen as having two public waves, analogous to virtual reality's three or four. These waves include the cinematic technologies of the 1960s and the rise of olfactory desktop peripherals and home fragrance technologies for the internet in the 1990s and early 2000s. In the last few decades, an impressive, multi-disciplinary effort in Human-Computer Interaction has been made to incorporate smell into interactive systems. This panel asks whether exciting recent developments in smell for Human-Computer Interaction mark the cusp of a third wave and whether the field is here to stay or should prepare for another winter.

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Olfactory Virtual Reality: A New Frontier in the Treatment and Prevention of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Cited by 13 publications

References 112 publications

Olfactory Imagery and Emotional Control

Olfactory Imagery and Emotional Control

An experimental paradigm for studying EEG correlates of olfactory discrimination

Third Wave or Winter? The Past and Future of Smell in HCI

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