Olfactory Testing as an Aid in the Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease: Development of Optimal Discrimination Criteria

Doty, Richard L.; Bromley, Steven M.; Stern, Matthew B.

doi:10.1006/neur.1995.0011

Cited by 170 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Additional assessments included Epworth Sleepiness Scale and a REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) questionnaire to assess sleep behavior, Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease‐Autonomic (SCOPA‐AUT) to assess autonomic function, and the 40‐item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) to assess olfactory function. 16, 17, 18, 19…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Parkinson's progression markers initiative (PPMI) – establishing a PD biomarker cohort

Marek

Chowdhury

Siderowf

et al. 2018

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

397

339

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ObjectiveThe Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) is an observational, international study designed to establish biomarker‐defined cohorts and identify clinical, imaging, genetic, and biospecimen Parkinson's disease (PD) progression markers to accelerate disease‐modifying therapeutic trials.MethodsA total of 423 untreated PD, 196 Healthy Control (HC) and 64 SWEDD (scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit) subjects were enrolled at 24 sites. To enroll PD subjects as early as possible following diagnosis, subjects were eligible with only asymmetric bradykinesia or tremor plus a dopamine transporter (DAT) binding deficit on SPECT imaging. Acquisition of data was standardized as detailed at www.ppmi-info.org.ResultsApproximately 9% of enrolled subjects had a single PD sign at baseline. DAT imaging excluded 16% of potential PD subjects with SWEDD. The total MDS‐UPDRS for PD was 32.4 compared to 4.6 for HC and 28.2 for SWEDD. On average, PD subjects demonstrated 45% and 68% reduction in mean striatal and contralateral putamen Specific Binding Ratios (SBR), respectively. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was acquired from >97% of all subjects. CSF (PD/HC/SWEDD pg/mL) α‐synuclein (1845/2204/2141) was reduced in PD vs HC or SWEDD (P < 0.03). Similarly, t‐tau (45/53) and p‐tau (16/18) were reduced in PD versus HC (P < 0.01),Interpretation PPMI has detailed the biomarker signature for an early PD cohort defined by clinical features and imaging biomarkers. This strategy provides the framework to establish biomarker cohorts and to define longitudinal progression biomarkers to support future PD treatment trials.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Parkinson's progression markers initiative (PPMI) – establishing a PD biomarker cohort

Marek

Chowdhury

Siderowf

et al. 2018

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

397

339

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While measures varied slightly between sites, all participants completed a study visit that included historical information on clinical features and treatment, neurological examination including quantitative motor measures utilizing the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS,10) and MDS‐UPDRS11 Hoehn and Yahr rating scale,12 and disability from the Schwab‐England rating scale. Information on nonmotor PD features included measures of cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA,13), mood (Geriatric Depression scale, abbreviated version GDS15,14 Beck Depression Inventory, BDI15), dysautonomia (SCOPA‐AUT,16), olfaction (UPSIT17), and sleep (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ESS18 and REM sleep behavior disorder questionnaire, RBDSQ19). However, because of the large number of missing responses, the sexual questions were not analyzed in either group in the SCOPA‐AUT.…”

Section: Subjects/materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in LRRK2 G2019S and idiopathic Parkinson's Disease

Luciano

Wang

Ortega

et al. 2017

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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ObjectiveTo evaluate sex differences and the relative effect of G2019S LRRK2 mutations in Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods530 LRRK2 PD carriers and 759 noncarrier PD (idiopathic, IPD) evaluated as part of the Fox Foundation (MJFF) Consortium were included. All participants completed a study visit including information on clinical features, treatment, examination, and motor and nonmotor questionnaires. Clinical features were compared between men and women separately for IPD and LRRK2 PD; and features were compared between IPD and LRRK2 PD separately for men and women.Results Among IPD: men had higher levodopa equivalency dose (LED), worse activities of daily living and motoric severity but lower complications of therapy (UPDRS‐IV). IPD women had higher olfaction and thermoregulatory scores and were more likely to report family history of PD. Among LRRK2 PD: Male predominance was not observed among G2019S LRRK2 cases. Women had worse UPDRS‐IV but better olfaction. Among same sex:LRRK2 men and women had better olfaction than IPD counterparts. LRRK2 men demonstrated lower motor and higher cognitive, RBD and thermoregulation scores than IPD men and LRRK2 women had greater UDPRS‐IV and rates of dyskinesia.InterpretationThere were clinical differences between sexes with a more severe phenotype in IPD men and more complications of therapy in women. The more severe male phenotype was moderated by LRRK2, with LRRK2 men and women showing less diversity of phenotype. Our study supports that both genetics and sex drive phenotype, and thus trials in LRRK2 and IPD should consider gender stratification in design or analysis.

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“…41,42,48 Moreover, several studies have showed that olfactory dysfunction can appear years prior to the onset of motor symptoms. 23,26,41 Consequently, olfactory dysfunction may be useful to aid in the clinical diagnosis of PD.…”

Section: Diagnostic Accuracy For Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spotlight on olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease

Rodríguez-Violante¹,

Ospina-García²,

Perez‐Lohman³

et al. 2017

JPRLS

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Olfactory Testing as an Aid in the Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease: Development of Optimal Discrimination Criteria

Cited by 170 publications

References 24 publications

The Parkinson's progression markers initiative (PPMI) – establishing a PD biomarker cohort

The Parkinson's progression markers initiative (PPMI) – establishing a PD biomarker cohort

Sex differences in LRRK2 G2019S and idiopathic Parkinson's Disease

Spotlight on olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease

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Olfactory Testing as an Aid in the Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease: Development of Optimal Discrimination Criteria

Cited by 170 publications

References 24 publications

The Parkinson's progression markers initiative (PPMI) – establishing a PD biomarker cohort

The Parkinson's progression markers initiative (PPMI) – establishing a PD biomarker cohort

Sex differences in LRRK2 G2019S and idiopathic Parkinson's Disease

Spotlight on olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson&#39;s disease

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Spotlight on olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease