Olfactory recognition of conspecifics by domestic Norway rats.

Carr, W. J.; Yee, Lily; Gable, Diane; Marasco, Elizabeth

doi:10.1037/h0077266

Cited by 115 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Carr et al, 1976). Social discrimination in rats is regulated by the presence of olfactory cues (e.g.…”

Section: The Social Recognition Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Social discrimination in rats is regulated by the presence of olfactory cues (e.g. Sawyer et al, 1984), and investigation therefore takes the form of sniffing of the social stimulus, particularly focusing on the ano-genital region (Carr et al, 1976). The test is based upon a comparison of behaviour, particularly investigation, between two exposures of the same individual to a subject animal, separated by an inter-exposure interval (IEI).…”

Section: The Social Recognition Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-term social memory in the laboratory rat: its susceptibility to disturbance

Burman

Mendl

2000

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 Adult rats presented with a juvenile conspecific for five minutes on two occasions, separated by a 15-min inter-exposure interval (IEI), investigated the reintroduced juvenile significantly less in the second encounter. It is suggested that this was because the adult rats remembered the identity of the juvenile, because when a novel juvenile was introduced for the second encounter, no such reduction in investigation was observed. When the rats were either handled, placed in a smaller, novel, cage, or introduced to a new juvenile midway through the IEI, investigation of the reintroduced juvenile did not decrease. This indicated that memory of that juvenile had been disrupted. However, a simple change of cage during the IEI had no disruptive effect on memory. These results suggest that routine husbandry procedures can disrupt short-term social memory, which may lead to an increase in aggression due to a failure of recognition. This has implications for the welfare of captive social animals.

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“…Carr et al, 1976). Social discrimination in rats is regulated by the presence of olfactory cues (e.g.…”

Section: The Social Recognition Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Social Recognition Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term social memory in the laboratory rat: its susceptibility to disturbance

Burman

Mendl

2000

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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“…Under these circumstances they will investigate a novel conspecific more than a familiar one since they are already acquainted with the odour cues of the latter rather than the former [14]. Odour cues such as soiled bedding or urine from familiar animals are sufficient for the recognition process [15].…”

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confidence: 99%

Neural Encoding of Olfactory Recognition Memory

Sánchez-Andrade

James

Kendrick

2005

Journal of Reproduction and Development

104

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Abstract. Our work with both sheep and mouse models has revealed many of the neural substrates and signalling pathways involved in olfactory recognition memory in the main olfactory system. A distributed neural system is required for initial memory formation and its short-term retention-the olfactory bulb, piriform and entorhinal cortices and hippocampus. Following memory consolidation, after 8 h or so, only the olfactory bulb and piriform cortex appear to be important for effective recall. Similarly, whereas the glutamate-NMDA/AMPA receptor-nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic GMP signalling pathway is important for memory formation it is not involved in recall post-consolidation. Here, within the olfactory bulb, up-regulation of class 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors appears to maintain the enhanced sensitivity at the mitral to granule cell synapses required for effective memory recall. Recently we have investigated whether fluctuating sex hormone levels during the oestrous cycle modulate olfactory recognition memory and the different neural substrates and signalling pathways involved. These studies have used two robust models of social olfactory memory in the mouse which either involve social or non social odours (habituation-dishabituation and social transmission of food preference tasks). In both cases significant improvement of learning retention occurs when original learning takes place during the proestrus phase of the ovarian cycle. This is probably the result of oestrogen changes at this time since transgenic mice lacking functional expression of oestrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ, the two main oestrogen receptor sub-types) have shown problems in social recognition. Therefore, oestrogen appears to act at the level of the olfactory bulb by modulating both noradrenaline and the glutamate/NO signalling pathway. Key words: Olfactory bulb, Olfactory memory, Olfactory recognition, Social learning, Nitric oxide (NO), Oestrous cycle, Sheep, Mouse, Social transmission of food preference (J. Reprod. Dev. 51: [547][548][549][550][551][552][553][554][555][556][557][558] 2005) or several decades, olfactory learning has been used as a model for the study of memory. This is not only because mammalian olfactory learning shows a number of features common to the human declarative memory system one-trial learning, rapid encoding, long lasting memories and a high capacity for information storage-but also because olfactory memory models represent a relatively simple form of learning and the olfactory system has well characterised pathways and structural organisation which offers many advantages in defining how processing occurs at a systems level. This makes it feasible to study plasticity at all levels in the system, from the initial sensory detection of odourant molecules at the level of the olfactory receptors righ t thr ough to high er cortical processing.There are many different forms of olfactory learning and memory in diverse behavioural contexts involving different mechanisms within the olfactory system. Olfactory learning ...

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“…In addition, this study provides further evidence that if odour cues alone are used as social stimuli, rather than conspecifics, then discrimination is still possible by subject rats (e.g. Carr et al 1976;Sawyer et al 1984;Gheusi et al 1997) whilst ensuring that any potential aggression between individuals is avoided. The use of odour cues in the habituation/discrimination procedure (e.g.…”

Section: And Klein 1994)mentioning

confidence: 80%

Recognition of conspecific odors by laboratory rats ( Rattus norvegicus) does not show context specificity.

Burman

Mendl²

2002

Journal of Comparative Psychology

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This experiment investigated how contextual cues affect recognition of conspecific odors in laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus). Rats received 5 encounters with the same odor in the same context. For the 6th test encounter, all rats received a simultaneous presentation of the original odor and a novel odor. The authors tested 1 group of rats (context same) in the same context as before. For the remaining 2 groups, the test encounter was in a different context that 1 group (context different) had experienced but that 1 group (context novel) had not. A significant preference to investigate the novel odor by context-same and context-different rats, but not by context-novel rats, suggests that odor recognition can occur following transfer to a different, but familiar, test context, indicating a lack of context specificity.

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Olfactory recognition of conspecifics by domestic Norway rats.

Cited by 115 publications

References 17 publications

Short-term social memory in the laboratory rat: its susceptibility to disturbance

Short-term social memory in the laboratory rat: its susceptibility to disturbance

Neural Encoding of Olfactory Recognition Memory

Recognition of conspecific odors by laboratory rats ( Rattus norvegicus) does not show context specificity.

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