Olfactory Receptors as an Emerging Chemical Sensing Scaffold

Patel, Amisha; Peralta‐Yahya, Pamela

doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00486

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Moreover, the sensation of smell in mice is facilitated by a multitude of chemosensory receptors. Approximately 1,400 olfactory receptors, which form one of the largest families of GPCRs, are expressed on olfactory sensory neurons and are essential for olfactory discrimination [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. Upon odorant binding, these receptors trigger GPCR signaling, leading to a cascade of signal transduction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imbalance in Unc80 RNA Editing Disrupts Dynamic Neuronal Activity and Olfactory Perception

Chen,

Ma,

Chin

et al. 2024

IJMS

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A-to-I RNA editing, catalyzed by the ADAR protein family, significantly contributes to the diversity and adaptability of mammalian RNA signatures, aligning with developmental and physiological needs. Yet, the functions of many editing sites are still to be defined. The Unc80 gene stands out in this context due to its brain-specific expression and the evolutionary conservation of its codon-altering editing event. The precise biological functions of Unc80 and its editing, however, are still largely undefined. In this study, we first demonstrated that Unc80 editing occurs in an ADAR2-dependent manner and is exclusive to the brain. By employing the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate Unc80 knock-in mouse models that replicate the natural editing variations, our findings revealed that mice with the “gain-of-editing” variant (Unc80G/G) exhibit heightened basal neuronal activity in critical olfactory regions, compared to the “loss-of-editing” (Unc80S/S) counterparts. Moreover, an increase in glutamate levels was observed in the olfactory bulbs of Unc80G/G mice, indicating altered neurotransmitter dynamics. Behavioral analysis of odor detection revealed distinctive responses to novel odors—both Unc80 deficient (Unc80+/−) and Unc80S/S mice demonstrated prolonged exploration times and heightened dishabituation responses. Further elucidating the olfactory connection of Unc80 editing, transcriptomic analysis of the olfactory bulb identified significant alterations in gene expression that corroborate the behavioral and physiological findings. Collectively, our research advances the understanding of Unc80’s neurophysiological functions and the impact of its editing on the olfactory sensory system, shedding light on the intricate molecular underpinnings of olfactory perception and neuronal activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imbalance in Unc80 RNA Editing Disrupts Dynamic Neuronal Activity and Olfactory Perception

Chen,

Ma,

Chin

et al. 2024

IJMS

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“…Looking at immunity from this angle, it is not surprising that our immune system uses multiple types of chemosensory G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). For example, olfactory (odorant) receptors were originally identified due to their role in detection of smell by olfactory neurons [ 3 ] but have more recently been reported to also be expressed in immune cells such as macrophages [ 4 , 5 ]. These olfactory receptors can regulate macrophage polarization or other immune responses [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interkingdom Detection of Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Molecules by Mammalian Taste Receptors

Kouakou

Lee

2023

Microorganisms

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Bitter and sweet taste G protein-coupled receptors (known as T2Rs and T1Rs, respectively) were originally identified in type II taste cells on the tongue, where they signal perception of bitter and sweet tastes, respectively. Over the past ~15 years, taste receptors have been identified in cells all over the body, demonstrating a more general chemosensory role beyond taste. Bitter and sweet taste receptors regulate gut epithelial function, pancreatic β cell secretion, thyroid hormone secretion, adipocyte function, and many other processes. Emerging data from a variety of tissues suggest that taste receptors are also used by mammalian cells to “eavesdrop” on bacterial communications. These receptors are activated by several quorum-sensing molecules, including acyl-homoserine lactones and quinolones from Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, competence stimulating peptides from Streptococcus mutans, and D-amino acids from Staphylococcus aureus. Taste receptors are an arm of immune surveillance similar to Toll-like receptors and other pattern recognition receptors. Because they are activated by quorum-sensing molecules, taste receptors report information about microbial population density based on the chemical composition of the extracellular environment. This review summarizes current knowledge of bacterial activation of taste receptors and identifies important questions remaining in this field.

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