Olfactory Memory Storage and/or Retrieval Requires the Presence of the Exact Tentacle Used During Memory Acquisition in the Terrestrial Slug<i>Limax</i>

Koga, Yurika; Matsuo, Yuko; Matsuo, Ryota

doi:10.2108/zs150128

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…If these PC neurons are indeed providing backward projections to the TG, they may play critical roles in the reciprocal communication between the TG and the PC. Several studies have demonstrated that the engrams of olfactory memory reside not only in the PC but also in the TG that was used during the memory formation, because the functioning of the tentacle that was used during the memory acquisition is necessary for the memory to be retrieved [ 12 , 33 ]. Therefore, it is possible that those PP-expressing neurons participate in the memory engram encompassing the TG and the PC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RFamidergic neurons in the olfactory centers of the terrestrial slug Limax

2018

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BackgroundThe terrestrial slug Limax has long been used as a model for the study of olfactory information processing and odor learning. Olfactory inputs from the olfactory epithelium are processed in the tentacular ganglion and then in the procerebrum. Glutamate and acetylcholine are the major neurotransmitters used in the procerebrum. Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide) has been shown to be involved in the regulation of the network activity of the procerebrum. Although there are thought to be various RFamide family peptides other than FMRFamide that are potentially recognized by anti-FMRFamide antibody in the central nervous system of mollusks, identifying the entire repertoire of RFamide peptides in Limax has yet to be achieved.MethodsIn the present study, we made a comprehensive search for RFamide peptide-encoding genes from the transcriptome data of Limax, and identified 12 genes. The expression maps of these RFamide genes were constructed by in situ hybridization in the cerebral ganglia including the procerebrum, and in the superior/inferior tentacles.ResultsTen of 12 genes were expressed in the procerebrum, and nine of 12 genes were expressed in the tentacular ganglia. Gly-Ser-Leu-Phe-Arg-Phe-NH2 (GSLFRFamide), which is encoded by two different genes, LFRFamide1 (Leu-Phe-Arg-Phe-NH2–1) and LFRFamide2 (Leu-Phe-Arg-Phe-NH2–2), decreased the oscillatory frequency of the local field potential oscillation in the procerebrum when exogenously applied in vitro. We also found by immunohistochemistry that the neurons expressing pedal peptide send efferent projections from the procerebrum back to the tentacular ganglion.ConclusionOur findings suggest the involvement of a far wider variety of RFamide family peptides in the olfactory information processing in Limax than previously thought.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40851-018-0108-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RFamidergic neurons in the olfactory centers of the terrestrial slug Limax

2018

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“…As an optic nerve can be visualized by immunostaining of β-arrestin, the spontaneous regeneration of an optic nerve was examined by immunohistochemistry in the coronal section of the brain, 14 or 49 days following the amputation of the left superior tentacle. We have previously demonstrated that the olfactory nerves degenerate and retract 15 days following tentacle amputation (Matsuo et al, 2010;Kobayashi et al, 2010), whereas olfactory function is restored at 31 days (Koga et al, 2016). We therefore expected that the β-arrestin signal would be absent in the brain at 14 days, whereas it would re-appear at 49 days.…”

Section: Monitoring Of Optic Nerve Regeneration Following Amputationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Expression and light-dependent translocation of β-arrestin in the visual system of the terrestrial slug Limax valentianus

Matsuo

Takatori

Hamada

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Vertebrates, cephalopods and arthropods are equipped with eyes that have the highest spatiotemporal resolution among the animal phyla. In parallel, only animals in these three phyla have visual arrestin specialized for the termination of visual signaling triggered by opsin, in addition to ubiquitously expressed β-arrestin that serves in terminating general G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Indeed, visual arrestin in and rodents translocates to the opsin-rich subcellular region in response to light to reduce the overall sensitivity of photoreceptors in an illuminated environment (i.e. light adaptation). We thus hypothesized that, during evolution, visual arrestin has taken over the role of β-arrestin in those animals with eyes of high spatiotemporal resolution. If this is true, it is expected that β-arrestin plays a role similar to visual arrestin in those animals with low-resolution eyes. In the present study, we focused on the terrestrial mollusk, a species related to cephalopods but that has only β-arrestin, and generated antibodies against β-arrestin. We found that β-arrestin is highly expressed in photosensory neurons, and translocates into the microvilli of the rhabdomere within 30 min in response to short wavelength light (400 nm), to which the eye exhibits a robust response. These observations suggest that β-arrestin functions in the visual system of those animals that do not have visual arrestin. We also exploited anti-β-arrestin antibody to visualize the optic nerve projecting to the brain, and demonstrated its usefulness for tracing a visual ascending pathway.

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The Computation and Robustness of the Mini-Cognitive Centers of Terrestrial Mollusks: An Exquisite Outcome of Brain Evolution

Matsuo

2017

Diversity and Commonality in Animals

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Olfactory Memory Storage and/or Retrieval Requires the Presence of the Exact Tentacle Used During Memory Acquisition in the Terrestrial SlugLimax

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

RFamidergic neurons in the olfactory centers of the terrestrial slug Limax

RFamidergic neurons in the olfactory centers of the terrestrial slug Limax

Expression and light-dependent translocation of β-arrestin in the visual system of the terrestrial slug Limax valentianus

The Computation and Robustness of the Mini-Cognitive Centers of Terrestrial Mollusks: An Exquisite Outcome of Brain Evolution

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