Olfactory loss may be a first sign of idiopathic Parkinson's disease

Haehner, Antje; Hummel, Thomas; Hummel, Cornélia; Sommer, Ulrike; Junghanns, Susann; Reichmann, Heinz

doi:10.1002/mds.21413

Cited by 306 publications

(234 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Since then, there have been numerous reports confirming this association, and most importantly, suggesting that the loss of smell may precede the onset of motor disorders (Haehner et al, 2007; Morley and Duda, 2010). Although the reported prevalence of olfactory loss in PD varies across studies, it appears that as much as 50-90% of PD patients experience varying degrees of olfactory dysfunction, and that there is no correlation between the degree of olfactory dysfunction and the duration or clinical severity of the disease (Doty et al, 1988;Stern et al, 1994;Hawkes et al, 1997;Hawkes, 2003).…”

Section: Early Anosmiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Parkinson's Disease Therapeutics: New Developments and Challenges Since the Introduction of Levodopa

Smith

Wichmann

Factor

et al. 2011

Neuropsychopharmacol

194

137

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The demonstration that dopamine loss is the key pathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), and the subsequent introduction of levodopa have revolutionalized the field of PD therapeutics. This review will discuss the significant progress that has been made in the development of new pharmacological and surgical tools to treat PD motor symptoms since this major breakthrough in the 1960s. However, we will also highlight some of the challenges the field of PD therapeutics has been struggling with during the past decades. The lack of neuroprotective therapies and the limited treatment strategies for the nonmotor symptoms of the disease (ie, cognitive impairments, autonomic dysfunctions, psychiatric disorders, etc.) are among the most pressing issues to be addressed in the years to come. It appears that the combination of early PD nonmotor symptoms with imaging of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system offers a promising path toward the identification of PD biomarkers, which, once characterized, will set the stage for efficient use of neuroprotective agents that could slow down and alter the course of the disease.

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Section: Early Anosmiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Parkinson's Disease Therapeutics: New Developments and Challenges Since the Introduction of Levodopa

Smith

Wichmann

Factor

et al. 2011

Neuropsychopharmacol

194

137

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Among the most important are: head trauma [12], infections of the upper respiratory tract, nasal and paranasal sinus diseases [13] and tumours [14]. Loss of olfactory function can be also related to neurodegenerative disease [15], and, in fact, it is an early sign of Parkinson's disease [5,16,17] and Alzheimer's disease [18], and can also be associated with several psychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia [14]. Other uncommon possible causes, including endocrine conditions, immune disorders, pharmaceutical drugs consumption, cocaine addiction and congenital causes have also been reported [1,9].…”

Section: Case Presentation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anosmia after exposure to a pyrethrin-based insecticide: A case report

Gobba

Abbacchini

2012

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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We present the case of a subject developing anosmia, preceded by nasal transient irritation and short lasting phantosmia and torqosmia, upon re-entrance into a room treated with a pyrethrin-based insecticide. The concentration of the insecticide in the room is unknown, but relatively high levels are predicted basing upon the modality of exposure and by the irritation symptoms in the subject. Despite corticosteroids therapy, anosmia has persisted unmodified for more than three years; according to, and based on evidence in the literature on olfactory disturbance prognosis, anosmia in this patient is likely to be permanent. The significance of this case report is related to the current wide use of insecticides containing pyrethrin and pyrethroids and highlights the need for more adequate attention to lowering airborne concentrations of pyrethrins and pyrethroids prior to re-entering the treated rooms. In particular, in a closed space sprayed with pyrethrins and pyrethroids insecticide, any irritant symptoms and/or dysosmia should be immediately considered relevant warning signs, and must be avoided.

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“…7% of the individuals with idiopathic hyposmia had developed clinical PD, and 13% presented with abnormalities of the motor system. (Haehner et al, 2007). In a prospective study involving first-degree relatives of PD patients, a low score on three olfactory processing tasks was associated with an increased risk of developing PD within 5 years (Ponsen et al, 2009).…”

Section: Olfactory Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%