Olfactory function in essential tremor

Viana

et al. 2009

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

-Objective:To characterize the olfactory identification in 40 essential tremor (ET) patients, with the University of Pennsylvania 12 Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), to correlate UPSIT scores to clinical and epidemiological data and to compare it to 89 aged matched controls. Method: Patients were assessed using ET Clinical Scale of Evaluation and UPSIT. Results: In patients with ET, the UPSIT medium score was 9.10, similar to the control group (9.11), which was also observed in all age groups. ET severity did not correlate to UPSIT scores. Conclusion: This study demonstrated normality of olfactory identification on ET, qualifying UPSIT to be an important tool on tremor differential diagnosis of undetermined origin.KEy wordS: essential tremor, olfaction, UPSIT. Olfato no tremor essencialResumo -Objetivo: Caracterizar a identificação olfatória em 40 pacientes com tremor essencial, através do Teste de Identificação de 12 Cheiros da Universidade de Pensilvânia (TICUP), correlacioná-la aos dados clínicos e epidemiológicos e compará-la com 89 indivíduos normais. Método: os pacientes foram avaliados com a Escala Clínica de Avaliação do TE e com o TICUP. Resultados: A média de acertos no TICUP nos pacientes com TE foi 9,10, semelhante à do grupo controle (9,11), sendo isso observado em todas as faixas etárias. A gravidade do TE não se correlacionou com o resultado do TICUP. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou normalidade da identificação olfatória no TE, qualificando o TICUP como ferramenta importante no diagnóstico diferencial dos tremores de causa indeterminada.PAlAvrAS-ChAvE: tremor essencial, olfato, TICUP.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfaction and essential tremor

Viana

et al. 2009

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

International Journal of Neuroscience

“…Therefore, this nonmotor finding may be used as a premotor test to identify an at-risk group for PD, but it is certainly not diagnostic. The finding of hyposmia differentiates PD from some other parkinsonian disorders such as progressive supranuclear palsy [14] and vascular parkinsonism [15], and normal olfaction is found in most studies of essential tremor [16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Olfactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premotor Symptoms and Early Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease

Adler

2011

“…Since the early 1990s, it was demonstrated that olfactory deficits could distinguish sporadic PD from essential tremor, dystonic tremor and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) 25 . Later, this same conclusion was determined with respect to multiple system atrophy (MSA), cortico basal degeneration and monogenic parkinsonism related to mutations in the PINK1 and PARK2 genes 26,27 while cases with mutations in the LRRK2 gene have intermediate results 28,29 .…”

Section: Olfactory Deficitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-motor signs in Parkinson’s disease: a review

Munhoz

Moro

Silveira‐Moriyama

et al. 2015

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

The traditional pathological description of PD as a pre-synaptic degenerative process affecting dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) of the midbrain with formation of Lewy bodies (LB) has changed dramatically in the last decade since functional and neuropathological studies showed the occurrence of extensive extranigral involvement 1 . Among these investigations, the seminal study of Braak et al. 2 suggested that the degenerative process in the PD starts in the caudal regions of the brainstem and the olfactory bulb, progressing in the caudal-rostral direction. The involvement of the SNc occurs, according to this hypothesis, on the third of a six-stage process that begins in the dorsal motor nuclei of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves and the olfactory bulb. Although it demonstrates the occurrence of this peculiar pathological distribution, the study fails to make the clinical correlation between any of these changes and motor or non-motor manifestations. On the other hand, even considering this caveat, it was one of the studies that formed the basis and motivated the dissemination of the concept of the existence of non-motor signs (NMS), especially dysautonomia, olfaction and sleep disorders, as part of the disease, sometimes even preceding the classic motor symptoms of PD.The motor aspects of PD typically have a slow progression and direct correlation with the presence of neuronal degeneration in the SNc, but they do not represent the actual beginning of the degenerative process. This process is, in fact, in full progression, despite been apparently silent when one seeks only for motor signs 3 . EXTRANIGRAL DEGENERATIONThe notion of PD as a multisystemic disease, not restricted to the nigrostriatal tract is not new, however the cited ABSTRACTDuring the past decade the view of Parkinson's disease (PD) as a motor disorder has changed significantly and currently it is recognized as a multisystem process with diverse non-motor signs (NMS). In addition to been extremely common, these NMS play a major role in undermining functionality and quality of life. On the other hand, NMS are under recognized by physicians and neglected by patients. Here, we review the most common NMS in PD, including cognitive, psychiatric, sleep, metabolic, and sensory disturbances, discuss the current knowledge from biological, epidemiological, clinical, and prognostic standpoints, highlighting the need for early recognition and management.Keywords: Parkinson's disease, non-motor signs, dementia, hyposmia, psychosis. RESUMONo decorrer da última década, a visão da doença de Parkinson (DP) como um distúrbio de movimento puro mudou significativamente, sendo atualmente reconhecida como um processo multisistêmico com diversos sinais não motores (SNM). Além de serem extremamente comuns, estes SNM têm um impacto muito significativo na limitacão funcional e da qualidade de vida na DP. Por outro lado, os SNM são mal reconhecidos pelos clínicos e negligenciados pelos pacientes. Nessa revisão os SNM mais comuns na DP fo...