Olfactory discrimination in rats with hippocampal lesions

Kimble, Daniel P.; Zack, Sheldon

doi:10.3758/bf03331625

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This result is consistent with a number of previous reports of successful discrimination learning despite damage to the hippocampal system (Kimble, 1963;Kimble and Zack, 1967;Malamut et al, 1984;Murphy and Brown, 1974;Samuels, 1972;Schmaltz and Theios, 1972;Silveira and Kimble, 1968;Teitelbaum, 1964;Webster and Voneida, 1964;Winocur and Mills, 1970;Winocur and Olds, 1978), but is in conflict with other reports of impaired discrimination learning following hippocampal system damage Hirsh, 1974;Jarrard, 1975;Kimble, 1963;Myhrer and Kaada, 1975;O'Keefe and Nadel, 1978;Olton et al, 1980;Winocur, 1979Winocur, , 1980Winocur and Mills, 1970). In our attempt to reconcile this discrepancy, we can offer the following empirical generalization consistent with the procedural/declarative framework: Studies revealing impairment fall into three rough categories.…”

Section: Preserved Sensory Discriminationsupporting

confidence: 91%

Normal olfactory discrimination learning set and facilitation of reversal learning after medial-temporal damage in rats: implications for an account of preserved learning abilities in amnesia

Eichenbaum¹,

Fagan²,

Cohen³

1986

J. Neurosci.

211

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Recent evidence of preserved skill learning in patients with "global" amnesia has led to the postulation of a qualitative distinction between functionally separate memory systems, one of which may remain preserved when the other is profoundly impaired. On one account, the separate memory systems support either the learning of declarative knowledge, i.e., facts and associations, or the learning of procedural knowledge, i.e., knowledge that permits the expression of skilled performance without reference to specific facts or associations. In an effort to develop a rodent model of amnesia that illustrates the same distinction between memory systems, rats were trained in a series of discrimination and reversal problems using olfaction, a sensory modality in which they rapidly learn new associations. Rats with bilateral fornix, amygdala, or combined fornix and amygdala damage learned successive two-odor discriminations as quickly as normal and sham-operated control subjects.Furthermore, all groups rapidly acquired the skills of discrimination as revealed in the development of a learning set. Subsequent presentation of a reversal of one discrimination elicited a marked dissociation among groups: Normal rats and rats with amygdala lesions required many more trials to acquire the reversal than to acquire a new discrimination problem, whereas rats with fornix lesions learned the reversal rather easily. A detailed analysis of response strategies suggested that normal rats and rats with amygdala lesions first extinguished the prior response tendencies and then abandoned the learning set skills and treated the reversal much as they did the initial discrimination problem. In contrast, after prior response tendencies were extinguished, rats with fornix lesions were relatively unaffected by the prior cue-associations and treated the reversal much as they would a new discrimination problem. These results distinguish between impaired and spared memory capacities in rodents with amnesia, in conformance with findings on human amnesia.Until recently, investigators involved in developing animal models of amnesia have reported discrepancies in the phenomenology of behavioral impairment after comparable lesions in humans versus animals. Thus, whereas the memory disorder in human amnesic patients is remarkably pervasive, affecting many different categories of material, animals with lesions in the same brain structures suffer a rather more limited behavioral impairment. In particular, early experimenters were dismayed to

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Section: Preserved Sensory Discriminationsupporting

confidence: 91%

Normal olfactory discrimination learning set and facilitation of reversal learning after medial-temporal damage in rats: implications for an account of preserved learning abilities in amnesia

Eichenbaum¹,

Fagan²,

Cohen³

1986

J. Neurosci.

211

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“…How are these explained byj)our hypothesis? Kimble and Zack (1967) and, more recently, Reid, Bannermann, and Morris (1991) reported normal acquisition of olfactory discrimination learning in rats with hippocampal lesions. Of course, we too reported that odor discrimination learning can proceed at a normal or even super-normal rate in animals with hippocampal system damage under some task conditions (see above and Eichenbaum, Fagan, & Cohen, 1986;Otto, Schottler, Staubli, Eichenbaum, & Lynch, 1991).…”

Section: Hypothesis As Applied To Animalsmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Hippocampal System and Declarative Memory in Animals

Eichenbaum

1992

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

158

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This grant was awarded to support collaborative work between our laboratory and the laboratory of Prof. Tom Brown at the Dept. of Psychology at Yale University. The principal theme of the research we carried out relates to understanding the biophysics of learning at the level of dendrites and spines. It relates to an area of research we term "Biophysics of Computation". What are the biophysical mechanisms at the cellular or sub-cellular level that implement the elementary neuronal operations underlying information processing and storage? What are the elementary units of information __ (processing, the diodes and transistors of the brain? Properties and limitations of neurons and synapses are crucial in determining the algorithms used to-i perform specific computational tasks. This applies in particular to the _.. function of dendritic spines and their key involvement in plasticity. Dendritic spines, small protrusions covering the surface of many '.4 neurons, have fascinated anatomists ever since Ramon y Cajal first described %%J them at the turn of the century. Experimental and computational studies nowj seem to be converging towards a common viewpoint of spines as providing biochemical, rather than electrical, compartmentalization within neurons. $ Spines are numerous. As many as 15,000 spines, at a density of 2 spines per micrometer of dendritic length, cover the surface of a layer V pyramidal cell in the visual cortex. Spines are the major postsynaptic target of excitatory * (asymmetric, type I) synaptic input. Spines are also tiny. Their precise 94 6 1 00

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“…Animals with hippocampal damage, although certainly behaviorally quite different from normal, can learn and remember what they have learned across both short and longer time intervals (cf. Ellen & Wilson, 1963;Isaacson, Douglas, & Moore, 1961;Isaacson & Wickelgren, 1962;Kimble, 1963;Kimble & Zack, 1967;Madsen & Kimble, 1965). In fact, rather than being characterized as having a memory deficit, these animals could be more accurately characterized as being overly influenced by previous experiences and relatively unable to "forget" or in-hibit previously learned responses in the presence of changed environmental contingencies.…”

Section: Behavioral Effects Of Hippocampal Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2. There is typically no impairment whatsoever on the postoperative acquisition of simple discrimination tasks, including visual discrimination (Kimble, 1963), spatial discrimination , and olfactory discrimination (Kimble & Zack, 1967).…”

Section: Behavioral Effects Of Hippocampal Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampus and internal inhibition.

Kimble¹

1968

Psychological Bulletin

Self Cite

679

229

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The mammalian hippocampus is proposed to constitute part of the neural machinery necessary for the generation of a brain process which is functionally equivalent to Pavlovian internal inhibition. Relevant neuroanatomical and electrophysiological data are presented in support of this proposal. The major behavioral effects of hippocampal lesions in situations in which internal inhibition is presumed to occur are discussed. These situations include habituation to novelty, discrimination reversal, overtraining, extinction, and spontaneous alternation. 285 1968 by the American Psychological Association, Inc.

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Olfactory discrimination in rats with hippocampal lesions

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Normal olfactory discrimination learning set and facilitation of reversal learning after medial-temporal damage in rats: implications for an account of preserved learning abilities in amnesia

Normal olfactory discrimination learning set and facilitation of reversal learning after medial-temporal damage in rats: implications for an account of preserved learning abilities in amnesia

The Hippocampal System and Declarative Memory in Animals

Hippocampus and internal inhibition.

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