Olfactory Bulb Volume in Taiwanese Patients with Posttraumatic Anosmia

Jiang, Rong–San; Chai, Jyh‐Wen; Chen, Wen-Hsien; Fuh, Wen-Bin; Chiang, Chin-Ming; Chen, Clayton Chi‐Chang

doi:10.2500/ajra.2009.23.3370

Cited by 21 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…16 According to this theory, the observed findings of decreased volume of the olfactory bulb in these patients may be caused by decreased sensory input. 17 However, a recent report of delayed anosmia several weeks after trauma and MRI showing scarring in the region of the olfactory bulb indicate that direct brain trauma could also be a relevant factor in some cases. 16 A role for direct brain injury is also supported by many studies showing abnormalities on MRI in frontal lobes as well as olfactory bulbs, and a recent study with single-photon emission CT even demonstrated hypoperfusion of parietal and temporal lobes in patients with posttraumatic anosmia compared with patients with similar trauma but normal sense of smell.…”

Section: Common Etiologies/associationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Prognosis for recovery of normal function in head trauma-related anosmia is also poor, with there generally being little if any response even to systemic steroids. 16,17,27 Early research currently underway into the possibility of surgical approaches to restore olfactory function such as transplantation of the olfactory epithelium does offer some hope for future developments. 27 As mentioned previously, there is some improvement in anosmia associated with chronic rhinosinusitis with endoscopic sinus surgery and polyp removal, especially if one looks at symptom scores, with less effect on more detailed measures of olfactory function.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anosmia and hyposmia

Gaines¹

2010

allergy asthma proc

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There has been some renewed interest in recent years in disorders of olfaction. Decreased sense of smell can lead to significant impairment of quality of life, including taste disturbance and loss of pleasure from eating with resulting changes in weight and difficulty in avoiding health risks such as spoiled food or leaking natural gas. Recent epidemiological reports have shown that despite fairly low self-reported prevalence of these disorders in large population studies, when validated smell identification or threshold tests are used, they reveal quite a high prevalence of hyposmia and anosmia in certain groups, especially the elderly. Several different pathophysiologic processes, such as head trauma, aging, autoimmunity, and toxic exposures, can contribute to smell impairment, with distinct implications concerning prognosis and possible treatment. As allergists, we are most likely to see this symptom in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, and this now appears to be due more to the mucosal inflammation than to physical airway obstruction.

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Section: Common Etiologies/associationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anosmia and hyposmia

Gaines¹

2010

allergy asthma proc

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“…Thus, olfactory bulb volume is reduced in cigarette smokers (Schriever et al, 2013) and in those with a number of neurological diseases or other disorders (Yousem et al, 1995b). These include acute depression (Negoias et al, 2010), Alzheimer's disease (Thomann et al, 2009), childhood abuse (Croy et al, 2013), chronic sinusitis (Rombaux et al, 2008), congential anosmia with and without Kallmann syndrome (Yousem et al, 1993, 1996; Abolmaali et al, 2002; Koenigkam-Santos et al, 2011; Levy et al, 2013), epilepsy (Hummel et al, 2012), head trauma (Yousem et al, 1995a; Doty et al, 1997; Landis et al, 2005; Jiang et al, 2009), multiple sclerosis (Goektas et al, 2011; Schmidt et al, 2011), Parkinson's disease (Wang et al, 2011b; Brodoehl et al, 2012), polyposis (Herzallah et al, 2013), schizophrenia (Turetsky et al, 2003; Nguyen et al, 2011), and prior upper respiratory infections associated with chronic smell loss (Rombaux et al, 2009). Such studies strongly suggest that olfactory bulb volume is a marker for olfactory function in general (Yousem et al, 1998; Turetsky et al, 2003; Buschhuter et al, 2008; Haehner et al, 2008; Hummel et al, 2011; Rombaux et al, 2012).…”

Section: Causes Of Age-related Olfactory Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influences of age on olfaction: a review

2014

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Decreased olfactory function is very common in the older population, being present in over half of those between the ages of 65 and 80 years and in over three quarters of those over the age of 80 years. Such dysfunction significantly influences physical well-being and quality of life, nutrition, the enjoyment of food, as well as everyday safety. Indeed a disproportionate number of the elderly die in accident gas poisonings each year. As described in this review, multiple factors contribute to such age-related loss, including altered nasal engorgement, increased propensity for nasal disease, cumulative damage to the olfactory epithelium from viral and other environmental insults, decrements in mucosal metabolizing enzymes, ossification of cribriform plate foramina, loss of selectivity of receptor cells to odorants, changes in neurotransmitter and neuromodulator systems, and neuronal expression of aberrant proteins associated with neurodegenerative disease. It is now well established that decreased smell loss can be an early sign of such neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer's disease and sporadic Parkinson's disease. In this review we provide an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the aging olfactory system, how this system is clinically evaluated, and the multiple pathophysiological factors that are associated with its dysfunction.

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“…Peripherally in the nose, stretching or shearing of the olfactory nerves as they traverse the skull base may occur in the course of a sudden head contusion [61] . Finally, a decreased volume of the olfactory bulb may be caused by decreased sensory input [62] . We note that surgery to the nose or brain may induce similar “traumatic” changes to olfactory function.…”

Section: Risk Factors That Have Been Associated With Olfactory Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Epidemiology of Olfactory Disorders

Yang

Pinto

2016

Curr Otorhinolaryngol Rep

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Insights into risk factors for olfactory decline are needed, because knowledge about its origin is limited. This impairment has important implications for human health. Several epidemiologic studies of olfaction provide insight into the prevalence of olfactory disorders. Here, we review the major population studies carried out on this topic to date. Our purpose is to characterize knowledge about olfactory disorders from human studies. We also describe the existing methods for measuring the sense of smell in population studies, present recent insights into the epidemiology of smell disorders, and discuss the risk factors identified to date. Synthesis of these data shows that olfactory dysfunction increases as people age and is worse in men. Further study of olfaction is warranted for gaining better information on the etiologies affecting its impairment, research that will have a large public health impact.

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Olfactory Bulb Volume in Taiwanese Patients with Posttraumatic Anosmia

Abstract: OB volumes were significantly lower in Taiwanese patients with posttraumatic anosmia.

Cited by 21 publications

References 12 publications

Anosmia and hyposmia

Anosmia and hyposmia

The influences of age on olfaction: a review

The Epidemiology of Olfactory Disorders

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