Olfactory and hepatic changes following a single inhalation exposure of 3-trifluoromethyl pyridine in rats: concentration and temporal aspects

Gaskell, Barbara A.; Hext, Paul M.; Pigott, G. H.; Doe, John; Hodge, M.C.E.

doi:10.1016/0300-483x(90)90029-g

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Intermingling of supporting and receptor cell nuclei are common, as is intercalation of respiratory epithelium with that of the olfactory epithelium, reflecting replacement of the olfactory epithelia with respiratory epithelia (Naessen, 1971; Nakashima et al, 1984; Morrison and Costanzo, 1990; Paik et al, 1992) (Figure 12). Similar alterations are noted in rodents exposed to olfactory toxins such as 3-methyl indole and 3-trifluoromethyl pyridine (Gaskell et al, 1990; Peele et al, 1991). In infancy and early childhood, the olfactory epithelium is highly vascularized, with blood capillaries being found in its basal layers and in close association with the perikarya of the receptor cells (Naessen, 1971).…”

Section: Causes Of Age-related Olfactory Lossmentioning

confidence: 54%

The influences of age on olfaction: a review

2014

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Decreased olfactory function is very common in the older population, being present in over half of those between the ages of 65 and 80 years and in over three quarters of those over the age of 80 years. Such dysfunction significantly influences physical well-being and quality of life, nutrition, the enjoyment of food, as well as everyday safety. Indeed a disproportionate number of the elderly die in accident gas poisonings each year. As described in this review, multiple factors contribute to such age-related loss, including altered nasal engorgement, increased propensity for nasal disease, cumulative damage to the olfactory epithelium from viral and other environmental insults, decrements in mucosal metabolizing enzymes, ossification of cribriform plate foramina, loss of selectivity of receptor cells to odorants, changes in neurotransmitter and neuromodulator systems, and neuronal expression of aberrant proteins associated with neurodegenerative disease. It is now well established that decreased smell loss can be an early sign of such neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer's disease and sporadic Parkinson's disease. In this review we provide an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the aging olfactory system, how this system is clinically evaluated, and the multiple pathophysiological factors that are associated with its dysfunction.

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Section: Causes Of Age-related Olfactory Lossmentioning

confidence: 54%

The influences of age on olfaction: a review

2014

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“…With inhalation, it produced nasal toxicity in rats (Gaskell et al, 1990), and, when given orally, accumulated in the ethmoid turbinates and dorsal meatus of the nasal passages and bound to proteins (Hext and Lock, 1992), suggesting that it would be cytotoxic with systemic distribution. The structurally related aminodichloropyridine is cytotoxic and carcinogenic to the NM with systemic distribution (see below), but no report of 3-trifluoromethylpyridine carcinogenicity testing or human toxicity was found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal Cytotoxic and Carcinogenic Activities of Systemically Distributed Organic Chemicals

2006

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Toxicity and carcinogenicity in the mucosa of the nasal passages in rodents has been produced by a variety of organic chemicals which are systemically distributed. In this review, 14 such chemicals or classes were identified that produced rodent nasal cytotoxicity, but not carcinogenicity, and 11 were identified that produced nasal carcinogenicity. Most chemicals that affect the nasal mucosa were either concentrated in that tissue or readily activated there, or both. All chemicals with effects in the nasal mucosa that were DNA-reactive, were also carcinogenic, if adequately tested. None of the rodent nasal cytotoxins has been identified as a human systemic nasal toxin. This may reflect the lesser biotransformation activity of human nasal mucosa compared to rodent and the much lower levels of human exposures. None of the rodent carcinogens lacking DNA reactivity has been identified as a nasal carcinogen or other cancer hazard to humans. Some DNA-reactive rodent carcinogens that affect the nasal mucosa, as well as other tissues, have been associated with cancer at various sites in humans, but not the nasal cavity. Thus, findings in only the rodent nasal mucosa do not necessarily predict either a toxic or carcinogenic hazard to that tissue in humans.

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Odor-cued taste avoidance: A simple and efficient method for assessing olfactory detection, discrimination and memory in the rat

Darling

Slotnick

1994

Physiology & Behavior

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Olfactory and hepatic changes following a single inhalation exposure of 3-trifluoromethyl pyridine in rats: concentration and temporal aspects

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

The influences of age on olfaction: a review

The influences of age on olfaction: a review

Nasal Cytotoxic and Carcinogenic Activities of Systemically Distributed Organic Chemicals

Odor-cued taste avoidance: A simple and efficient method for assessing olfactory detection, discrimination and memory in the rat

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