Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions of COVID‐19 patients in China: A multicenter study

Li, Jianhui; Sun, Yi; Qin, Enqiang; Hu, Yuan; Liu, Mingbo; Yi, Wenqi; Zhu, Chen; Huang, Chengcheng; Zhou, Fengjie; Chen, Ruiyao; Zhang, Leibo; Yu, Ning; Liu, Qiong; Zhou, Xuejun; He, Jingjing; Li, Boyu; Wang, Fusheng; Yang, Changliang; Yang, Shi‐Ming

doi:10.1002/wjo2.5

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Since we conducted our study on hospitalized patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19, we could not have the opportunity to examine the effect of smell dysfunction on prognosis. Another study reported that loss of smell were associated with better prognosis ( 23 ). Although, basing on the current knowledge, there is a general belief that olfactory dysfunction is a positive prognostic factor, new studies are needed on this subject.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objective Evaluation of Smell and Taste Senses in COVID-19 Patients

KAYA¹,

Altıparmak²,

Yaşar³

et al. 2022

TAO

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Objective: The severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 pandemic is one of the largest of the recent times and can cause many symptoms including smell and taste disorders. In the literature, smell disorders caused by coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) have been reported within a wide range from 3.2% to 98.3%. A small number of these studies demonstrated smell and taste disorders through objective tests. Our aim in this study was to determine the prevalence of smell and taste disorders in hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 infection. Methods: The study was carried out with 100 patients who were positive for real-time polymerase chain reaction and treated at the Kayseri City Hospital, and 100 healthcare worker relatives. We used the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center test to evaluate the sense of smell. Sense of taste was evaluated using four different standardized bottles of preparations, and the results were scored according to the patients’ statements. Results: Patient (Group 1) and control (Group 2) groups were compared for age, gender, smell and taste disorders. There were 39 women and 61 men in the patient group, and 40 women and 60 men in the control group. Mean age was 50.2±1.37 (range 21–70) years in Group 1 and 47.6±1.25 (range 18–70) years in Group 2, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. While the rate of smell disorder was 80% in Group 1, we found this rate as 35% in Group 2. Taste disturbance was identified in 38 patients, of whom 16 had mild hypogeusia, 17 had moderate hypogeusia, four had severe hypogeusia, and one patient had ageusia. We found that taste disorder was 38% in Group 1 and 3% in Group 2. Conclusion: Smell and taste dysfunctions are very common symptoms in COVID-19 patients. The results obtained using objective test methods are higher than the rates obtained from patient statements.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objective Evaluation of Smell and Taste Senses in COVID-19 Patients

KAYA¹,

Altıparmak²,

Yaşar³

et al. 2022

TAO

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“…Mendonça et al reported a significantly higher prevalence of OD amongst patients with more severe COVID-19 disease. Li et al [ 100 ] reported that only a small proportion of patients with OD developed severe and critical illness was relatively small. Yan et al [ 101 ] also found that patients who required admission for COVID-19 were significantly less likely to report OD.…”

Section: Sinonasal Sars-cov-2 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Nasal Respiratory and Olfactory Epithelia and Its Clinical Impact

Chee

Chern

Loh

et al. 2023

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

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Purpose of Review While the predominant cause for morbidity and mortality with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is the lower respiratory tract manifestations of the disease, the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the sinonasal tract have also come to the forefront especially with the increased recognition of olfactory symptom. This review presents a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms of action of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, sinonasal pathophysiology of COVID-19, and the correlation with the clinical and epidemiological impact on olfactory dysfunction. Recent Findings ACE2 and TMPRSS2 receptors are key players in the mechanism of infection of SARS-CoV-2. They are present within both the nasal respiratory as well as olfactory epithelia. There are however differences in susceptibility between different groups of individuals, as well as between the different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Summary The sinonasal cavity is an important route for SARS-CoV-2 infection. While the mechanism of infection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasal respiratory and olfactory epithelia is similar, there exist small but significant differences in the susceptibility of these epithelia and consequently clinical manifestations of the disease. Understanding the differences and nuances in sinonasal pathophysiology in COVID-19 would allow the clinician to predict and counsel patients suffering from COVID-19. Future research into molecular pathways and cytokine responses at different stages of infection and different variants of SARS-CoV-2 would evaluate the individual clinical phenotype, prognosis, and possibly response to vaccines and therapeutics.

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“…Consequently, the oral cavity emerges as a gateway for viral transmission and disease progression, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its involvement in the context of COVID-19. Indeed, emerging evidence from multiple studies corroborates the occurrence of oral lesions and related alterations, such as gustatory disorders, olfactory dysfunction, and xerostomia, in individuals afflicted with COVID-19 [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of Oral Lesions, Olfactory, and Gustatory Disorders and Xerostomia in Patients with COVID-19

Castilho,

Martelli,

Machado

et al. 2024

Dentistry Journal

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COVID-19, a respiratory illness with a global impact on millions, has recently been linked to manifestations affecting various bodily systems, including the oral cavity. Studies highlight oral issues, like ulcers, blisters, and white patches, alongside olfactory and gustatory dysfunction, influencing an individual’s quality of life. In this context, our study aimed to assess the frequency of oral lesions, olfactory and gustatory disorders, and xerostomia resulting from COVID-19. An observational study was conducted with 414 patients to evaluate the frequency of oral symptoms resulting from COVID-19. Patients were diagnosed with mild symptoms and evaluated through clinical examination of the oral cavity and a questionnaire to assess functional alterations. The findings showed that 139 out of 414 patients presented clinical manifestations, with oral lesions being the most prevalent (19.1%), followed by gustatory disorders (18.1%), xerostomia (14.2%), and olfactory dysfunction (14%). The most prevalent oral lesions were ulcerations (n = 51), candidiasis (n = 8), and erythema or red plaques (n = 7). Unfortunately, 50 (12.1%) patients died during this study. Therefore, oral lesions, olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions, and xerostomia are common symptoms associated with COVID-19.

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Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions of COVID‐19 patients in China: A multicenter study

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Objective Evaluation of Smell and Taste Senses in COVID-19 Patients

Objective Evaluation of Smell and Taste Senses in COVID-19 Patients

Pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Nasal Respiratory and Olfactory Epithelia and Its Clinical Impact

Frequency of Oral Lesions, Olfactory, and Gustatory Disorders and Xerostomia in Patients with COVID-19

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