Olfaction, psychiatric disorders and autoimmunity: Is there a common genetic association?

Ortega-Hernandez, Oscar-Danilo; Kivity, Shaye; Shoenfeld, Yehuda

doi:10.1080/08916930802366140

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(105 reference statements)

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“…Olfactory dysfunction has been confirmed in various neurological and psychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia and depression, endocrine disorders (hypothyroidism, diabetes), and neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis) (10,11). Olfactory dysfunction is also involved in various autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of olfactory function in Behçet’s disease

Akyol¹,

Günbey²,

Karli³

et al. 2017

Eur J Rheumatol

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Objective: Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic, relapsing type of vasculitis of unknown etiology and is characterized by oral and urogenital ulcers and ocular inflammation with cutaneous, musculoskeletal, vascular, and nervous system manifestations. Few cases involving the nasal mucosa have been reported in the literature, and the true prevalence of BD remains unknown. Neurological involvement associated with BD might play a more important role in causing olfactory dysfunction than mucosal involvement, but sufficient clinical data are not available on the effect of BD on olfaction in adults. We therefore evaluated the olfactory function of patients diagnosed with BD.Material and Methods: Patients were chosen from among a consecutive patient group population who visited the internal medicine rheumatology polyclinic and otolaryngology departments of Ondokuz Mayıs University Hospital. A total of 50 patients (both males and females) aged 18 to 60 years with a diagnosis of BD and 46 healthy controls (matched to the study group in terms of age and gender) were included. BD was diagnosed based on the criteria defined by the International Study Group for BD. A complete clinical history was taken for and a physical examination was performed in all participants. Patients with other rheumatic diseases; obstructive nasal pathologies leading to conductive-type olfactory dysfunction (e.g., septum deviation or nasal polyp); advanced systemic disease (e.g., hypertension or malignancy); a history of antithyroid, antihistamine, antidepressant, or steroid medication use within the past month; or who were current smokers, had an active upper respiratory infection, or had a history of otolaryngologic operations were excluded. The results of the "Sniffin' Sticks" (SS) olfactory test were compared between the two groups.Results: The mean age of the 50 BD patients was 35.3±10 years; that of the 46 health controls was 36.9±11 years. There was no significant group difference in age or gender distribution (p>0.05). Odor identification and overall scores were significantly lower in the BD group than in the control group. There were no significant differences in odor discrimination scores between the BD and control groups (p>0.05).Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate olfactory function in patients diagnosed with BD using the SS test.Odor identification was more impaired in BD patients than in healthy controls, but there was no group difference in odor discrimination. BD patients should also be assessed for the involvement of olfactory function and may require treatment due to a malfunction of the olfactory system that affects the quality of life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of olfactory function in Behçet’s disease

Akyol¹,

Günbey²,

Karli³

et al. 2017

Eur J Rheumatol

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“…Nevertheless, it has been proposed recently that olfactory abnormalities may be associated with autoimmune conditions involving the central nervous system. 36 RA patients demonstrate a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders, such as depression, than the normal population, 37 and several studies show a link between depression and olfactory impairment. 36 Other neighboring genes include the ubiquitin D pseudogene 1 (UBDP1) and MAS1 oncogene-like (MAS1L).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…36 RA patients demonstrate a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders, such as depression, than the normal population, 37 and several studies show a link between depression and olfactory impairment. 36 Other neighboring genes include the ubiquitin D pseudogene 1 (UBDP1) and MAS1 oncogene-like (MAS1L). Further validation, fine mapping and functional studies will be necessary to identify the etiological variants within these new potential RA loci and to elucidate their role in disease pathways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HLA-DPB1-COL11A2 and three additional xMHC loci are independently associated with RA in a UK cohort

et al. 2011

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“…Olfaction is a complex process of the central nervous system (CNS) involving specific areas of the brain (e.g., the limbic system). Olfactory dysfunction has been confirmed in various neurological as well as psychiatric diseases, such as alzheimer's disease (AD), down syndrome (DS), parkinson's disease (PD), schizophrenia and depression [1][2][3]. Olfactory dysfunction has also been reported in neurologic autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis [4][5][6], and in various autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [3,5,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory impairment in patients with the fibromyalgia syndrome and systemic sclerosis

et al. 2014

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Patients with autoimmune diseases often present with olfactory impairment. The aim of the study was to assess the olfactory functions of female patients with fibromyalgia (FM) compared with patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and with healthy female controls. Olfactory functions were assessed in 24 patients with FM, 20 patients with SSc and 21 age-matched healthy controls. The sense of smell was evaluated using the Sniffin' Sticks test including the three stages of smell: threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) of the different odors. The severity of fibromyalgia was assessed using the fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ). The short form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire was also completed in order to seek a relationship between the patients perception of quality of life and the different aspects of the smell sense. Depression was evaluated in both FM and SSc patients utilizing the Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II) questionnaire. Patients with FM had significantly lower TDI smell scores compared with both SSc patients and healthy controls (p < 0.005, One-Way ANOVA). Hyposmia (defined as TDI scores below 30) were observed in 14 of 24 (42 %) patients with FM compared to 3 of 20 (15 %) patients with SSc and 1 of the healthy controls (4.3 %) (p < 0.02). FM patients had significantly lower thresholds of smell compared to both healthy controls and patients with SSc (p < 0.001), whereas for patients with SSc only the ability to discriminate between odors was impaired (p < 0.006). We could not detect any statistical correlation between smell abilities and clinical manifestation of SSc or the FIQ and SF-36 scores among FM patients. However the correlation between depression, defined by the BDI-II score, and the sense of smell differed between patients with FM and patients with SSc. As only among SSc patients a lower sense of smell correlated with a higher BDI-II score (p = 0.02). Our findings suggest that there is a decrease in the sense of smell both in FM and SSc patients compared with healthy controls. However these impairments differ between patients group and might represent different mechanisms that affect the sense of smell.

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Olfaction, psychiatric disorders and autoimmunity: Is there a common genetic association?

Cited by 31 publications

References 85 publications

Evaluation of olfactory function in Behçet’s disease

Evaluation of olfactory function in Behçet’s disease

HLA-DPB1-COL11A2 and three additional xMHC loci are independently associated with RA in a UK cohort

Olfactory impairment in patients with the fibromyalgia syndrome and systemic sclerosis

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