Olefin Synthesis With P(o)-Activated Reagents

Dombrovskii, A. V.; Dombrovskii, V. A.

doi:10.1070/rc1966v035n10abeh001533

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…(1); according to this approximation, the scattering function is represented in the form of the sum of isotropic component and δ function in the forward direction. It is known that the transport approximation produces fairly accurate results in the case of thermal radiation transfer problems [9,30].…”

Section: Approximate Description Of Thermal Radiation Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling of thermal radiation of polymer coating containing hollow microspheres

Dombrovsky

2005

High Temp

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The paper deals with the effect of hollow microspheres added to paint or another polymer coating for open surfaces of a building on the heat loss due to thermal radiation. An approximate theoretical model is suggested, which is based on the spectral calculation of the radiative characteristics of a disperse system and determination of the integral flux of thermal radiation. Calculations are performed for a layer of paint with hollow glass microspheres. It is demonstrated that the microsphere shell thickness has the strongest effect on the reduction of heat loss.

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Section: Approximate Description Of Thermal Radiation Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( 2 9) The volume concentration of microspheres is , (30) and the quantity (31) must appear in the formulas for the mean coefficients of absorption and scattering.…”

Section: Model Of Radiative Characteristics Of the Mediummentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of thermal radiation of polymer coating containing hollow microspheres

Dombrovsky

2005

High Temp

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“…After that it was reported that reacts with alkylamine 8 , 1,6-hexanediamine 9 , and no acids [10][11][12] to yield novel compounds with P-N d in their molecules. eldmann reported in 1966 that P 3m reacts with nols to form their triphosphate derivatives 13 .…”

Section: Reaction Of Monosaccharides and P 3mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorylation of Saccharides by Inorganic Cyclo-Triphosphate in Aqueous Solution

Maeda

Tsuhako

2007

Phosphorus Research Bulletin

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Synthetic Applications of Phosphoryl‐Stabilized Anions

1977

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The successful synthesis of a wide variety of unsaturated compounds by treatment of phosphoranes with carbonyl compounds (the Wittig reaction) has stimulated the search for other synthetic methods that employ organophosphorus reagents. One of the most fruitful results has been the discovery that phosphoryl‐stabilized carbanions have wide applicability in the preparation of unsaturated compounds and offer significant advantages over conventional procedures. This review discusses the chemistry of carbanions stabilized by delocalization of their negative charge by means of a P(O) group. Carbanions obtained by treating phosphine oxides, phosphinates, and phosphonates, with a base have been explored in depth. In particular, the phosphonates have found great popularity because of their availability and ease of application. The use of Wittig‐type reagents in synthesis has been reviewed and is not mentioned except by way of comparison. Carbanions prepared from phosphinates have no known advantage over those prepared from phosphonates or phosphine oxides. Those carbanions obtained from phosphine oxides will be considered here only in the way of comparison. Anions that have their negative charge located on an atom adjacent to a P(O) group gain stability owing to delocalization of the charge through the phosphoryl group. Although the exact nature of the delocalization is not well defined, the ability of phosphorus to become pentacovalent by use of its d orbitals is undoubtedly a contributing factor. It should be noted that the P(O) group is generally not so effective as the carbonyl group in stabilizing a negative charge. If other stabilizing groups are not present, formation of P(O)‐stabilized carbanions generally requires more basic conditions than does the removal of a proton from a carbon atom alpha to a carbonyl group. Horner and co‐workers were the first to investigate the synthetic utility of P(O)‐stabilized carbanions. The utility of phosphonate carbanions as synthetic intermediates was expanded by the discovery that, as olefin‐forming reagents, phosphonates have certain advantages over both phosphoranes and phosphine oxides. As a result, the method has found favor because of the availability of reagents, ease of workup, and convenient reaction conditions. In particular, the reactivity of phosphonate carbanions has been taken advantage of in numerous ways. As indicated by a number of reviews, these carbanions have become one of the most frequently employed organophosphorus reagents. The utility of phosphoryl‐stabilized anions is apparent from the variety of materials that can be prepared by suitable structural modifications. Besides simple monoolefins and polyenes, a partial list would include allenes, unsaturated amides, aldehydes, esters, sulfides, sulfones, and nitrogen compounds such as imines, isocyanates, and ketenimines. In addition to their convenience for introducing unsaturation, these stabilized anions offer routes to cyclopropanes and heterocyclic systems. In this chapter, reactions that are of unusual interest are discussed separately; more routine reactions are included only in the tabular survey. Olefin formation by means of phosphonate carbanions has been referred to as the Horner‐Emmons or Wadsworth‐Emmons modification of the Wittig reaction, whereas the use of phosphine oxide or phosphinate carbanions is generally referred to as the Horner modification. In order to prevent confusion and to avoid misdirecting credit, proper names are omitted and the synthesis of an olefin by phosphonate carbanions is termed phosphonate‐olefin formation. Likewise, the term phosphine oxide‐olefin formation is employed where appropriate.

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Olefin Synthesis With P(o)-Activated Reagents

Cited by 19 publications

References 1 publication

Modeling of thermal radiation of polymer coating containing hollow microspheres

Modeling of thermal radiation of polymer coating containing hollow microspheres

Phosphorylation of Saccharides by Inorganic Cyclo-Triphosphate in Aqueous Solution

Synthetic Applications of Phosphoryl‐Stabilized Anions

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