Older age and depressive state are risk factors for re-positivity with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant

Li, Maojun; Peng, Huawen; Duan, Guangyou; Wang, Jian; Yu, Zhiqing; Zhang, Zhongrong; Wu, Liping; Du, Min; Zhou, Shi-Ji

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1014470

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Several studies have suggested that diabetes mellitus, as a pro-inflammatory disease, increases the risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and prolonged recovery ( Onder et al., 2020 ; Al-Kuraishy et al., 2021 ). Furthermore, some of the patients were elderly and had multiple chronic comorbidities; they may be susceptible to moderate/severe infection and prolonged recovery time due to poor immunity and pro-inflammatory conditions ( Li et al., 2022 ). Considering that the ACEI/ARB could increase ACE2 expression, we investigated the impact of these antihypertensive drugs on SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on COVID-19 in patients with chronic liver disease

Zhu

Cui

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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ObjectiveUrsodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) may reduce susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection by downregulating angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), based on recent experimental investigation. This study aimed to determine the potential protective effect of UDCA against SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with chronic liver disease.MethodsPatients with chronic liver disease receiving UDCA (taking UDCA ≥1 month) at Beijing Ditan Hospital between January 2022 and December 2022 were consecutively enrolled. These patients were matched in a 1:1 ratio to those with liver disease not receiving UDCA during the same period by using a propensity score matching analysis with nearest neighbor matching algorithm. We conducted a phone survey of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection during the early phase of the pandemic liberation (from 15 December 2022 to 15 January 2023). The risk of COVID-19 was compared in two matched cohorts of 225 UDCA users and 225 non-UDCA users based on patient self-report.ResultsIn the adjusted analysis, the control group was superior to the UDCA group in COVID-19 vaccination rates and liver function indicators, including γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.05). UDCA was associated with a lower incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection (UDCA 85.3% vs. control 94.2%, p = 0.002), more mild cases (80.0% vs. 72.0%, p = 0.047), and shorter median time from infection to recovery (5 vs. 7 days, p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that UDCA was a significant protective factor against COVID-19 infection (OR: 0.32, 95%CI: 0.16–0.64, p = 0.001). Furthermore, diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.48, 95%CI: 1.11–5.54, p = 0.027) and moderate/severe infection (OR: 8.94, 95%CI: 1.07–74.61, p = 0.043) were more likely to prolong the time from infection to recovery.ConclusionUDCA therapy may be beneficial in reducing COVID-19 infection risk, alleviating symptoms, and shortening the recovery time in patients with chronic liver disease. However, it should be emphasized that the conclusions were based on patient self-report rather than classical COVID-19 detection by experimental investigations. Further large clinical and experimental studies are needed to validate these findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on COVID-19 in patients with chronic liver disease

Zhu

Cui

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…The phases that have been followed in this review are illustrated in Figure 1. carried out in China came to the conclusion that for hospitalized patients who carried the Omicron variant, older age made it more difficult for them to recover from the virus, and along with a depressive status, it constituted a risk factor that could lead to an Omicron re-positivity [14]. One expert review highlights the need for studies that focus on a vulnerable population, such as people that have an older age, comorbidities, or are immunocompromised, as this segment of the population has the highest risk of developing severe outcomes [15].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is necessary to find a solution to this issue taking into consideration the emerging literature that calls attention to the requirement of increasing vaccine dosages in order for the treatment to be effective for the more susceptible members of the population [7][8][9]13]. In addition, a study that was carried out in China came to the conclusion that for hospitalized patients who carried the Omicron variant, older age made it more difficult for them to recover from the virus, and along with a depressive status, it constituted a risk factor that could lead to an Omicron re-positivity [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes of Elderly Patients Hospitalized with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron B.1.1.529 Variant: A Systematic Review

Fericean

Oancea

Reddyreddy

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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The Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of the severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had an increased rate of spreading among the general population. Although this virus mutation resulted in milder symptoms, those on the vulnerable side of the population are still in danger of developing severe symptoms. Thus, this systematic review focused on identifying the clinical outcomes of older age patients (>65) that are hospitalized with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. The research was conducted using four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest Central), with a search query in December 2022 that comprised the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic. The inclusion criteria comprised (1) a population of patients older than 65 years, (2) a history of hospitalization for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and (3) infection with Omicron B.1.1.529 variant. The initial search generated 295 articles, out of which six were included in the systematic review, and a total of 7398 patients. The main findings were that when looking at the elderly population, the mortality and hospitalization rates remained high. This is because older people are more vulnerable and have more comorbidities that interfere with the virus’s progress. However, there is inconsistency in mortality rates, since the data reported by the included studies had different selection criteria based on the severity of the COVID-19 infection. Although no statistically significant differences were found between the unvaccinated and vaccinated groups, patients who got booster doses of vaccination had a lower likelihood of developing severe symptoms, serving as a protective factor for this population.

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“…Consequently, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection has become a serious threat and raised new global health concerns. Older adult people, especially those with comorbidities, have a higher risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 reinfection (7)(8)(9). Moreover, age is a significant risk factor for COVID-19 progression (3,10,11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 primary and reinfection in older adult patients

Tey,

Tsai,

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundThe outcomes of older adult people acquiring SARS-CoV-2 reinfection was unclear. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of older adult patients with COVID-19 reinfection and those with primary infection.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used electronic medical records from the TriNetX Research Network. Older adult patients (aged ≥65 years) with COVID-19 between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2022, were included in the study. The patients were subsequently categorized into reinfection or primary infection groups, according to whether they manifested two distinct COVID-19 episodes with an intervening period of more than 90 days. Propensity score matching was performed for covariate adjustment between the reinfection and primary infection groups. The primary outcome was a composite outcome, including emergency department visits, hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation use, and mortality, following primary infection and reinfection.ResultsAfter matching, 31,899 patients were identified in both the reinfection and primary infection groups. The risk of primary composite outcomes was 7.15% (n = 2,281) in the reinfection group and 7.53% (n = 2,403) in the primary infection group. No significant difference in the primary outcome was observed between groups (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.02, p = 0.17). In addition, there was no significant differences between the reinfection and primary infection groups in terms of emergency department visit (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.11, p = 0.49), all-cause hospitalization (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.02, p = 0.14), intensive care unit admission (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.67 to 1.28, p = 0.62), mechanical ventilation use (HR,1.35 95% CI, 0.69 to 2.64 p = 0.38), and all-cause mortality (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.20, p = 0.62).ConclusionThere were no significant differences in clinical outcomes between older adult patients with COVID-19 reinfection and those with primary infection.

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Older age and depressive state are risk factors for re-positivity with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Protective effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on COVID-19 in patients with chronic liver disease

Protective effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on COVID-19 in patients with chronic liver disease

Outcomes of Elderly Patients Hospitalized with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron B.1.1.529 Variant: A Systematic Review

Comparative outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 primary and reinfection in older adult patients

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