Older Adult Normative Data for the Sniffin’ Sticks Odor Identification Test

Vickers, Kayci L.; Breslin, Kathleen; Roalf, David R.; Kamath, Vidyulata; Xie, Sharon X.; Moberg, Paul J.; Wolk, David A.; Mechanic‐Hamilton, Dawn

doi:10.1093/arclin/acy021

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…19 Evidence suggest that smoking impairs the olfactory function; 20 therefore, the higher female smoking prevalence in Europe could decrease their scores to the average of male. The finding in this cohort that women had more keen sense of smell appears to follow the general trend in olfaction research, 14,21,22 although there is still some conflicting evidence; 23,24 and indeed the absolute numerical differences here are small.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Investigation of Normative Value of Commercialized Taiwan Smell Identification Test

Hsieh

Chen

Zhou

et al. 2021

Allergy�Rhinol (Providence)

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Background The Taiwan Smell Identification Test (TWSIT) was developed and successfully administered in Taiwanese population since 2015. However, for sanitation reason, the original liquid-jar form of this test is not appropriate. The commercialized TWSIT was then re-designed as “scratch-and-sniff” version: the TIBSIT (Top International Biotech, Taipei, Taiwan). This project aims to investigate the normative value of TIBSIT in different age groups and genders. Methods Volunteers aged 20 to 80 with no subjective smell loss were recruited in a rhinology clinic. The participants were given full instructions on using the TIBSIT. Results Two hundred and nine healthy subjects (female: male =107: 102) were enrolled into this study. The median TIBSIT score in female and male subjects is 47 and 46, respectively. Subjects were further divided into three age groups: (A) 20∼34 years (n = 77), (B) 35∼54 years (n = 77), and (C) 55∼80 years (n = 55). The TIBSIT scores at the tenth percentile value at each age group of male patients are 43, 42 and 37; while the scores at the tenth percentile value at each age group of female patients are 42, 42 and 41. TIBSIT score was significantly and inversely correlated with age (Spearman rho = − 0.20, p = 0.004.). Conclusion We established the normative values of the new TIBSIT in different age groups in Taiwan. Future nation-wide screening is needed for more sophisticated norms establishment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Investigation of Normative Value of Commercialized Taiwan Smell Identification Test

Hsieh

Chen

Zhou

et al. 2021

Allergy�Rhinol (Providence)

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“…were 13 and 10, respectively [15]. Vickers et al [16] conducted normative data research of the Sniffin' Sticks odor identification test (SS-OIT) in adults. They found that age had a significant effect on SS-OIT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A normative data study using a cultural adaptation of the Portuguese version of the Sniffin’ Sticks smell test found that the cutoff points of identification scores for hyposmia in participants aged 16–55 years and >55 years were 13 and 10, respectively [15]. Vickers et al [16] conducted normative data research of the Sniffin’ Sticks odor identification test (SS-OIT) in adults. They found that age had a significant effect on SS-OIT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Malaysian Version of the Sniffin’ Sticks Identification Smell Test: Cutoff Points of Hyposmia

Husain¹,

Hamid²,

Zahedi³

et al. 2022

ORL

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Introduction: Cultural backgrounds can influence the smell test because of the unfamiliarity of different populations with a number of odorants. The study aims to determine the cutoff points for hyposmia using the cultural adaptation of the Malaysian version of the Sniffin’ Sticks identification smell test among different age groups. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, healthy participants were recruited from a hospital, senior citizen homes, and schools from 2019 until 2021. Participants were divided into 5 different age groups (A: children, B: adolescents, C: young adults, D: middle-aged adults, and E: older adults) and underwent the identification smell test. Scores below the 10th percentile in these age groups were used to determine the cutoff points for hyposmia. Results: The cutoff points for the smell identification scores for hyposmia at the 10th percentile in children, adolescents, and adults (young, middle-aged, and older) were less than 6, 9, and 11, respectively. Pairwise comparisons were made using the Bonferroni post hoc test, with p < 0.001. Scores showed a significant difference between males (mean [SD]: 11.43 [2.42]) and females (12.01 [1.98]); p = 0.005. Conclusion: Our study found that the cutoff points of the identification smell test for hyposmia were lower than those of other studies. It is important to use these cutoff points in our population to establish the correct integrity of olfaction function in the clinic setting and in future research.

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Saltiness perception in white sauce formulations as tested in older adults

Montero

Ross

2022

Food Quality and Preference

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Older Adult Normative Data for the Sniffin’ Sticks Odor Identification Test

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Investigation of Normative Value of Commercialized Taiwan Smell Identification Test

Investigation of Normative Value of Commercialized Taiwan Smell Identification Test

Malaysian Version of the Sniffin’ Sticks Identification Smell Test: Cutoff Points of Hyposmia

Saltiness perception in white sauce formulations as tested in older adults

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