Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment response varies depending on parasite species, geographical location and development of secondary infection

Al-Salem, Waleed S.; Solórzano, Carla; Weedall, Gareth D.; Dyer, Naomi; Kelly-Hope, Louise A.; Casas-Sánchez, Aitor; Alraey, Yasser; Alyamani, Essam J.; Halliday, Alice; Balghonaim, Salah M.; Alsohibany, Khalid Suliman; Alzeyadi, Zeyad Abdullah; Alzahrani, Mohamed H.; Al-Shahrani, Abdullah M; Assiri, Abdullah M.; Memish, Ziad A.; Acosta-Serrano, Álvaro

doi:10.1186/s13071-019-3453-4

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The serum samples of patients had been collected from 81 individuals with active L. major infection and 15 individuals with active L. tropica infection, from the areas Al-Ahsa and Asir in Saudi Arabia, where L. major and L. tropica infections are endemic. 29 In addition, pooled sera of 10 healthy individuals, designated normal human serum (NHS), from England, UK, as well as sera from 24 individuals with heterologous diseases from the Al-Ahsa governorate, Saudi Arabia, were also integrated in the study (more detail about the study population and diagnostic methods is provided in the Supporting Information , “Ethics Statement and Cohort Description, Chemiluminescent ELISA”).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversed Immunoglycomics Identifies α-Galactosyl-Bearing Glycotopes Specific for Leishmania major Infection

Montoya

Austin

Portillo

et al. 2021

JACS Au

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

All healthy humans have high levels of natural anti-α-galactosyl (α-Gal) antibodies (elicited by yet uncharacterized glycotopes), which may play important roles in immunoglycomics: (a) potential protection against certain parasitic and viral zoonotic infections; (b) targeting of α-Gal-engineered cancer cells; (c) aiding in tissue repair; and (d) serving as adjuvants in α-Gal-based vaccines. Patients with certain protozoan infections have specific anti-α-Gal antibodies, elicited against parasite-derived α-Gal-bearing glycotopes. These glycotopes, however, remain elusive except for the well-characterized glycotope Galα1,3Galβ1,4GlcNAcα, expressed by Trypanosoma cruzi . The discovery of new parasitic glycotopes is greatly hindered by the enormous structural diversity of cell-surface glycans and the technical challenges of classical immunoglycomics, a top-down approach from cultivated parasites to isolated glycans. Here, we demonstrate that reversed immunoglycomics, a bottom-up approach, can identify parasite species-specific α-Gal-bearing glycotopes by probing synthetic oligosaccharides on neoglycoproteins. This method was tested here seeking to identify as-yet unknown glycotopes specific for Leishmania major , the causative agent of Old-World cutaneous leishmaniasis (OWCL). Neoglycoproteins decorated with synthetic α-Gal-containing oligosaccharides derived from L. major glycoinositolphospholipids served as antigens in a chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sera from OWCL patients and noninfected individuals. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis identified Gal p α1,3Gal f β and Gal p α1,3Gal f β1,3Man p α glycotopes as diagnostic biomarkers for L. major- caused OWCL, which can distinguish with 100% specificity from heterologous diseases and L. tropica- caused OWCL. These glycotopes could prove useful in the development of rapid α-Gal-based diagnostics and vaccines for OWCL. Furthermore, this method could help unravel cryptic α-Gal-glycotopes of other protozoan parasites and enterobacteria that elicit the natural human anti-α-Gal antibodies.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversed Immunoglycomics Identifies α-Galactosyl-Bearing Glycotopes Specific for Leishmania major Infection

Montoya

Austin

Portillo

et al. 2021

JACS Au

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previously, Al‐Salem et al 33 identified only L. major in clinical samples from the Al-Ahsa region. A similar species distribution was identified in other regions of Saudi Arabia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic and phylogenic analyses of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Al Ahsa, Eastern Saudi Arabia during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: First cases of Leishmania tropica with the predominance of Leishmania major

Al-Rashed

Jindan

Jaroodi

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During the coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown period, a surge in sandflies and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases was observed in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Skin punch biopsies were obtained from 100 patients clinically diagnosed with CL in Al-Ahsa who had no travel history in the last 6 months. Impression smears were used following a three-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol using genus-specific primers targeting kDNA and ITS1. Leishmania speciation was determined by ITS1 PCR/nested PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing. A phylogenetic tree was constructed. The associated patient characteristics were analyzed. Using internal transcribed spacer one (ITS1)-PCR/nested PCR, 98 cases were considered true-positive CL. Leishmania major was the predominant species, and Leishmania tropica was identified in three cases. Microscopy had poor sensitivity and perfect specificity. Direct ITS1-PCR missed nine cases. Sex, residence, and treatment outcome were significantly associated with the occurrence of Leishmania; distribution of skin lesion(s) and treatment outcome were significantly associated with Leishmania genotype. This is the first time that L. tropica was identified as a cause of CL in human in Al-Ahsa, in addition to the predominant zoonotic species, L. major. We recommend using ITS1-nested PCR for negative cases by ITS1-PCR. Further exploration of Leishmania transmission dynamics in vectors and reservoir animals is essential for designing effective preventive measures.

show abstract

“…Vectorability of the sandfly populations, differences in human or parasite genetics, and immunological and endocrinological aspects need to be studied in order to understand the underlying etiology for region-based differences. Size, lesion type, and number of lesions have shown to be species-dependent [ 34 ]. However, some other studies have shown that diversity of clinical presentations of CL could not be explained by species differences [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Evidence from Sri Lanka for Subphenotypic Diversity within L. donovani-Induced Classical Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Siriwardana

Deepachandi

Weerasinghe

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sri Lanka reports a large focus of Leishmania donovani-induced cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) with CL as the main clinical entity. Two independent, long existed, and clinicoepidemiologically different transmission foci in the northern region (NR) and southern region (SR) were recently reported. Current project is an extension to this previous study. Clinical diversity within a profile of classical cutaneous leishmaniasis (CCL) in a focus of L. donovani-induced CL is described for the first time. Patients with laboratory confirmed CCL ( n = 550 ) from NF and SF were evaluated. Lesions in both foci were found to have all classical developmental stages (small and large nodules, ulcerating nodules, and ulcers) and other identified changes (multiplication, ulceration, and enlargement). Main difference was in the proportions of lesions progressing in to each different stages, proportions of lesion undergoing the main changes, and in timing of these changes during the course of a lesion. Northern focus reported a smaller proportion of lesions showing enlargement and ulceration, and a longer period of time was also required for these changes when compared to same in southern focus. In northern focus, most lesions remained small and nonulcerating and showed a higher tendency to multiply while most lesions reported in southern focus enlarged and ulcerated rapidly and remained single. Current study also evidenced a wider spectrum in the rate and pattern of progression of a skin lesion and high individual variation which could mask these region-based differences. Parasitic, vector-related, or a host etiology is suggested. Slow progressing nonulcerating infections in North may be the result of a well-adopted parasite strain that coevolved with its host for a long period while inducing only a minimal host response. This could be one among many reasons for previously observed silent expansion in northern focus while southern focus remained more confined and stable over time. Small nonprogressive, nondisturbing lesions can play a major role as silent parasite reservoirs in a community. In addition, the laboratory detection rate declined significantly when lesions multiplied and enlarged indicating the need for early laboratory confirmation. Usefulness of identified features in clinical screening and management needs to be considered.

show abstract

Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment response varies depending on parasite species, geographical location and development of secondary infection

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

Reversed Immunoglycomics Identifies α-Galactosyl-Bearing Glycotopes Specific for Leishmania major Infection

Reversed Immunoglycomics Identifies α-Galactosyl-Bearing Glycotopes Specific for Leishmania major Infection

Genotypic and phylogenic analyses of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Al Ahsa, Eastern Saudi Arabia during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: First cases of Leishmania tropica with the predominance of Leishmania major

First Evidence from Sri Lanka for Subphenotypic Diversity within L. donovani-Induced Classical Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About