Old Wine in a New Bottle: Trade Openness and Fdi Flows—are the Emerging Economies Converging?

Apergis, Nicholas; Cooray, Arusha

doi:10.1111/coep.12122

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The methodological advantages of the Phillips and Sul (2007) method allows it to be used in researching convergence clubs in different areas such as energy consumption, happiness, military spending, etc. (Kourtzidis et al (2018), Panopoulou and Pantelidis (2009), Apergis and Cooray (2016), Ivanovski et al (2018), Georgellis (2013) Saba andNgepah, (2021)).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence of Output per Worker in G7 Countries: Evidence from the Club Convergence Test

Ceylan

Yazgan

2022

Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi

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The Convergence Hypothesis, which is the most important inference of the Neoclassical Growth Model, argues that the differences in output per worker / per capita income levels between economies at the global level or within a region will decrease and eventually disappear over time. In applied studies investigating the phenomenon of convergence at the global level, it is seen that the convergence either simply does not occur or findings of convergence are rarely obtained. It is stated that this happens because heterogeneous country groups are evaluated in the studies in question, ignoring the differences in the initial conditions. These results obtained in applied studies cause researchers to conduct research on more similar/homogeneous countries where convergence is theoretically considered more likely. In studies employing stochastic or deterministic approach or the ones where a combination of the two are used, it is seen that the findings on the power of convergence vary depending on the methodology applied, countries selected and the time period examined, but generally support the Convergence Hypothesis. In this context, the G7 Countries are considered a group of countries that dominate today's world in terms of economic development, are technologically identical and have similar structural characteristics in terms of macroeconomic indicators. It can be thought that it would not be surprising to find a convergence between these countries in terms of output per worker/labor force. However, it is considered that there may be countries that dissociate from others even among a group of countries with a homogeneous structure. In this study, it is aimed to put forward the club convergence hypothesis within the framework of the output per worker indicator, using annual data of the G7 countries for the period 1950-2018. Therefore, using the convergence test proposed by Phillips and Sul (2007), it is analyzed whether output per worker levels demonstrate convergence clubs. According to the analysis of Phillips and Sul (2007), it is determined that there is no general CONVERGENCE OF OUTPUT PER WORKER IN G7 COUNTRIES: EVIDENCE FROM THE CLUB CONVERGENCE TEST yakınsama kulübü ve 1 tane de ıraksama kulübü tespit edilmektedir.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence of Output per Worker in G7 Countries: Evidence from the Club Convergence Test

Ceylan

Yazgan

2022

Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi

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“…Literatürde genel olarak araştırılan çalışmalara bakıldığında uluslararası ticaretin yakınsama etkilerinin incelendiği görülmektedir. Yakınsama analizinin tespitinde genellikle birim kök testlerinden yararlanılmaktadır (Apergis & Cooray, 2016;Ben-David, 1993;Ben-David, 1996;Ben-David & Kimhi, 2000;Choi, 2009;Sachs & Warner, 1995). Bu amaçla çalışmada seçilmiş Orta Doğu Ülkelerinde (İsrail, Lübnan, İran, Mısır, Ürdün ve Türkiye) 1989-2021 dönemi arasında dış ticarette yakınsamanın olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır.…”

Section: Veri Seti Ve Analizunclassified

Türki̇ye-Ortadoğu İli̇şki̇leri̇ni̇n Türki̇ye-İsrai̇l Ti̇cari̇ İli̇şki̇leri̇ Ekseni̇nde Değerlendi̇ri̇lmesi̇: İhracat-İthalat Yakinsama Anali̇zi̇

Güllü

Beşer

2023

Erciyes Akademi

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Türkiye’nin İsrail ve diğer Ortadoğu ülkeleriyle olan dış ticareti inişli çıkışlı siyasi ilişkilerin gölgesinde olmakla birlikte özellikle son yirmi yılda kayda değer gelişmeler göstermiştir. Ortadoğu bölgesinin siyasi, iktisadi ve askeri açıdan dış müdahalelere açık yapısı, özellikle 2000’li yıllardan itibaren bölge ülkelerinin ilişkilerinde gerilim ve krizlere yol açmış, bu durum Türk dış ticaretini baskı altına almıştır. Türkiye’nin İsrail, Mısır, Suriye, Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri ile yaşadığı siyasi kriz ortamı, kayıpları telafi edici adımların atılmasıyla son yıllarda yumuşama sürecine girmiştir. Bu çalışmada söz konusu sürecin, Türkiye’nin Ortadoğu ülkeleriyle olan ticari ilişkilerine etkisi Türkiye-İsrail dış ticaret hacminin gelişimi özelinde el alınmaktadır. Bu çerçevede, seçilmiş Ortadoğu ülkelerinde (İsrail, Lübnan, İran, Mısır, Ürdün ve Türkiye) 1989-2021 arası dönemde dış ticarette yakınsamanın olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, Türkiye’nin de içerisinde yer aldığı seçilmiş Ortadoğu ülkelerinin dış ticaretinin İsrail’e yakınsadığı, yine İsrail’in de içerisinde yer aldığı seçilmiş Ortadoğu ülkelerinin dış ticaretinin Türkiye’ye yakınsadığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Türkiye’nin İsrail ve diğer bölge ülkeleriyle olan ticari ilişkilerinin diplomatik krizlerin önüne geçtiği görülmektedir.

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“…In other words, the studies in the literature have focused on determining whether free trade causes convergence of countries' incomes. In testing the convergence hypothesis, mostly panel unit root tests were used Apergis and Cooray (2016) conducted a convergence analysis by classifying countries according to their trade openness degrees using the Phillips and Sul (2007) method. Empirical findings on trade openness revealed that the countries participating in the analysis did not create a homogeneous convergence club.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

OECD Ülkelerinde Ticari Açıklık Yakınsaması: Phillips-Sul Kulüp Yakınsama Analizi

DEDEOĞLU¹

2020

TurkishStudies

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Convergence refers to the situation in which countries will approach each other over time in terms of various economic indicators. Traditional theories of international trade are insufficient to explain whether the increase in openness to international trade increases the convergence of income. The convergence hypothesis was first mentioned in neoclassical growth theories. Recent theories of growth and development have shown that the distribution of income per capita in countries may show convergence clubs, ie the distribution of steady state tends to concentrate around a small center of attraction. In this study, it is aimed to present the club convergence hypothesis within the framework of trade openness indicator by using annual data for 36 OECD countries and 1995-2017 period. For this purpose, using convergence test proposed by Phillips and Sul (2007), it was analyzed whether the trade openness shows convergence clubs or not. Phillips and Sul (2007) clustering method, the countries included in the analysis are grouped according to similarities in the data matrix and convergence is tested in each group. In addition, Phillips and Sul (2009) analysis was conducted in order to examine whether the emerging clubs merge among themselves and form larger clubs according to the result of Phillips and Sul (2007) convergence analysis. According to Phillips and Sul (2007) analysis, it is found that there is no general convergence club for all countries and there are different convergence clubs. According to Phillips and Sul (2007) analysis, there is no general convergence club for all countries and different convergence clubs. Phillips and Sul (2007) analysis revealed that 7 trade openness convergence clubs. According to Phillips and Sul (2009) algorithm analysis results a total of 5 trade openness convergence clubs were determined.

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Old Wine in a New Bottle: Trade Openness and Fdi Flows—are the Emerging Economies Converging?

Cited by 6 publications

References 72 publications

Convergence of Output per Worker in G7 Countries: Evidence from the Club Convergence Test

Convergence of Output per Worker in G7 Countries: Evidence from the Club Convergence Test

Türki̇ye-Ortadoğu İli̇şki̇leri̇ni̇n Türki̇ye-İsrai̇l Ti̇cari̇ İli̇şki̇leri̇ Ekseni̇nde Değerlendi̇ri̇lmesi̇: İhracat-İthalat Yakinsama Anali̇zi̇

OECD Ülkelerinde Ticari Açıklık Yakınsaması: Phillips-Sul Kulüp Yakınsama Analizi

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