‘Old Diplomacy’ in New York

The Column in Liquid Chromatography

“…The process of method development in liquid chromatography is often difficult and time consuming [478][479][480][481][482][483][484]. This is due primarily to the diversity of retention mechanisms available, the large number of interdependent parameters associated with the practice of each method, and the fact that several Chromatographie separations are generally required to arrive at the optimum experimental conditions for the separation.…”

“…This approach, however, is inadequate for automated optimization procedures, and the quality of a chromatogram must be expressed by a single-valued and easily calculated mathematical function [478,479,484,525,[530][531][532][533]. This approach, however, is inadequate for automated optimization procedures, and the quality of a chromatogram must be expressed by a single-valued and easily calculated mathematical function [478,479,484,525,[530][531][532][533].…”

“…The purpose of the objective function is to express the desires of the separation by a single number that can be used to rank experimental chromatograms [478,479,484]. The problem is that individual chromatograms normally contain several peaks, each pair with its own resolution.…”

“…The solvent strength of the binary solvents providing adequate retention can be easily estimated from a separation by gradient elution or from a series of sequential isocratic chromatograms of decreasing solvent strength [478][479][480]484,487,520,525,[534][535][536][537].…”

Bridging the Implementation Gap In the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas

“…44 For example, parties who resort to mediation or conciliation do not undertake beforehand to be bound, consequently the proposals which emanate from that process are in the form of recommendations. They may be accepted or rejected.…”