Okumanın Tarihselliği ve Alımlama Estetiği ile Yeni Tarihselcilikte Anlamanın Tarihselliğinin İmkân ve Sınırlılıkları

Abstract

The demand of the literary work to gain autonomous and fictional existence within the New Criticism in the first half of the twentieth century, radically breaks with the historicity in its interpretation. In the second half of the twentieth century, the Reception Aesthetics with the concept of ''historicity of reader'' and New Historicism with the concept of ''historicity of text'' and ''textuality of history'' stand at a meaningful point among efforts to return to historical consciousness that disappeared after the New Criticism. However, in both approaches, it is seen that the historicity of understanding literary texts predominantly shape through the only historicity of reader or only historicity of text. In this paper, it will be argued that this situation impoverishes the two-way historicity of understanding literary texts at two opposite ends. This paper also will mainly focus on the fundamental problems in the context of the tension relationship of literature with history in historicist literary theory, New Criticism, Reception Aesthetics and New Historicism. It will also be stated that reading the literary text is basically historical with its different dimensions such as the reader finds himself/herself thrown into history, the temporal of experience, the incompleteness of human existence and literary text. The ability to establish a meaningful relationship with history and historical without damaging the fictional existence and autonomy of literary text can be realized through the historicity of reading.