Okra polysaccharide-2 plays a vital role on the activation of RAW264.7 cells by TLR2/4-mediated signal transduction pathways

Chen, Yun; Zhou, Ruigang; He, Lin; Wang, Yafei; Yang, Xin; Teng, Ling; Li, Chengheng; Liao, Suya; Zhu, Yongjian; Yang, Yuhui; Chen, Huricha

doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106708

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Natural plant extracts have recently received interest for their preventive effects in chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and inflammatory disease [15][16][17], and vegetables and fruits contain a large amount of anti-inflammatory plant chemicals-phytochemicals such as phenolic, triterpenoids, lectin and peptides [18]. Meanwhile, okra may be eaten raw, alongside other foods as part of salad or soup, or cooked in different ways, such as blanching, pan-frying, and deep-frying [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Ethanol Extracts of Raw, Blanched, Steamed, and Sous-Vide Cooked Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in LPS or H2O2-Treated RAW264.7 Cells

Lee

Joo

2021

Applied Sciences

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Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is a plant belonging to the Malvaceae family. All parts of okra, including the pod, leaf, and branch, are edible, with the pod being especially enriched with sugars, dietary fibers, minerals, vitamins, and antioxidants. It has beneficial effect against colitis, hepatitis, and gastric ulcer. However, studies on okra’s anti-inflammatory effects remain limited. It is known that cooking methods change nutrition and functional compounds in foods. In this study, we prepared ethanolic extracts of okra using four different cooking methods (raw, blanching, steaming, and sous-vide), and analyzed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated RAW264.7 macrophages. Cell viability was similar between all four cooking methods, confirming that okra extracts (≤200 μg/mL) were not cytotoxic. All cooking methods inhibited nitric oxide production (indicator of inflammatory responses). Sous-vide cooking showed low inhibitory effect at 100–200 μg/mL of okra extract. Moreover, examining the mRNA expression of inducible cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β)) showed inhibitory effects by all cooking methods. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were also reduced for all cooking methods, with sous-vide cooking showing the highest rate of reduction. These results confirm the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of raw and multimethod cooked okra. Notably, sous-vide cooking showed the greatest potential to improve okra’s therapeutic effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Ethanol Extracts of Raw, Blanched, Steamed, and Sous-Vide Cooked Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in LPS or H2O2-Treated RAW264.7 Cells

Lee

Joo

2021

Applied Sciences

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“…Moreover, Lee et al 18 illustrated that 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg mL −1 ethanolic extracts of okra dose-dependently inhibited the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in LPS or H 2 O 2 -treated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Chen et al 19 indicated that 200 μg mL −1 okra polysaccharide-2 increased the TNF-α generation in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Gou et al 22 also showed that 150 μg mL −1 okra inhibited the IL-6 mRNA expression in high fat induced-human aortic endothelial cells.…”

Section: In Vitro Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was reported that these polysaccharides could activate macrophages through toll-like-receptors (TLR) and therefore increase the release of cytokines as the first line of the defense system. 19 The TLR family is a key constituent of the mammalian immune system for infections. 47 Also, the high molecular weight of polysaccharides was an important physiochemical feature of okra pectic polysaccharides that influenced the activation of the macrophages.…”

Section: Food and Function Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of okra (Abelmoschus esculentusL) on inflammatory mediators: a systematic review of preclinical studies

2022

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“…In this study, SYQP can promote the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α and IL-1β in macrophages, and reduced cytokine levels, including, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ in LPS-induced mice and LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, indicating bidirectional regulation of cytokine synthesis. It has been reported that several PRRs, especially TLR2 and TLR4 were the main receptors of polysaccharides in the regulation of macrophage activation and played bidirectional immunomodulatory roles ( Zhang et al, 2013 ; Zhang et al, 2018 ; Yun Chen et al, 2020 ). The present study revealed that SYQP stimulate TLR2 and TLR4 expression in RAW264.7 cells.…”

Section: Dissussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polysaccharides From the Aerial Parts of Tetrastigma Hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg Induce Bidirectional Immunity and Ameliorate LPS-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Mice

Zhu

Zhou

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (Sanyeqing, SYQ) has traditionally been used to treat inflammation, high fever and improve immune function of patients. Polysaccharides have been proved to be one of the important components of SYQ. Previous studies have confirmed the antipyretic and antitumor effects of polysaccharides from SYQ (SYQP), and clarified that SYQP could enhance immunity through TLR4 signalling pathway. However, there were more possibilities for the mechanism by which SYQP exerted immunomodulatory effects and the role of SYQP in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is elusive. The purpose of this study was further to explain the bidirectional modulation of immunity mechanism of SYQP in vitro and its effect in LPS-induced ARDS in vivo. Experimental results showed that SYQP significantly stimulated gene expressions of TLR1, TLR2 and TLR6 and secretion of cytokines in RAW264.7 cells. Individual or combined application of TLR2 antagonist C29 and TLR4 antagonist TAK-242 could reduce SYQP-mediated stimulation of cytokine secretion in RAW264.7 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) to varying degrees. On the other hand, SYQP markedly inhibited the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, NO, iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-treatment RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, in vivo results indicated that SYQP significantly reduced LPS-induced damage in ARDS mice through alleviating LPS-induced pulmonary morphological damage, inhibiting myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression levels, ameliorating the inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and improving hematological status. Meanwhile, SYQP evidently reduced IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ secretion, the overexpression levels of TLR2 and TLR4, as well as the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. In addition, SYQP reduced the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT1 and the overexpression of NLRP3, caspase-1, caspase-3 and caspase-8 in lung tissues of ARDS mice. In summary, our study confirmed that SYQP induced bidirectional immunity and ameliorated LPS-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome in mice through TLR2/TLR4-NF-κB, NLRP3/caspase and JAK/STAT signaling pathways, which provided a theoretical basis for further use of SYQP.

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Okra polysaccharide-2 plays a vital role on the activation of RAW264.7 cells by TLR2/4-mediated signal transduction pathways

Cited by 22 publications

References 37 publications

Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Ethanol Extracts of Raw, Blanched, Steamed, and Sous-Vide Cooked Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in LPS or H2O2-Treated RAW264.7 Cells

Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Ethanol Extracts of Raw, Blanched, Steamed, and Sous-Vide Cooked Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in LPS or H2O2-Treated RAW264.7 Cells

Effects of okra (Abelmoschus esculentusL) on inflammatory mediators: a systematic review of preclinical studies

Polysaccharides From the Aerial Parts of Tetrastigma Hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg Induce Bidirectional Immunity and Ameliorate LPS-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Mice

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