?Okhotskiy? virus, a new arbovirus of the Kemerovo group isolated from ixodes (Ceratixodes) putus Pick.-Camb. 1878 in the Far East

Abstract

SummaryIn 1969--1971 nine virus strains were isolated from Ixodes putus ticks and were shown to be antigenically related to Kemerovo virus by complement-fixation tests. By neutralization tests, no antigenic relations were revealed. Five virus strains were isolated on Tyuleniy island, Sakhalinsk region (1969--1971); three virus strains on Ariy Kamen' rock in the vicinity of the Pacific coast of Bering island, Commodore islands, Kamchatsk region (1970--1971) and one on the SouthEastern coast of Chukotka, Magadansk region (1971). The isolated virus was named after the place of its first isolation, the sea of Okhotsk. A serological survey of 1066 birds in the Far East indicated their active role in circulation of the virus, since complement-fixing antibodies were found in 3.9 per cent of Uria aalge (common murres), 14.6 per cent of Fulmarus glacialis (fulmars) and 0.7 per cent of Phalacrocorax pelagicus (pelagic cormorants).Complement-fixing and virus-neutralizing antibodies were found in birds from Commodore islands in Kamchatsk region and from Iona, Tyuleniy, Moneron islands in Sakhalinsk region. IntroduetionTicks were collected in 1969--1971 on: i) Tyuleniy island, Zaliv Terpeniya Patience bay) of the sea of Okhotsk, S~khalinsk region (12) ; ii) Ariy Kamen' rock situated close to the Pacific coast of Bering island, Commodore islands, Kamchatsk region (16); iii) the South-Eastern coast of Chukotka, Magadansk region.

The tick Ixodes uriae (Acari: Ixodidae): Hosts, geographical distribution, and vector roles

“…The first virus isolations were initiated in Russia (Lvov et al, 1971(Lvov et al, , 1972a(Lvov et al, , 1973a(Lvov et al, , 1973b(Lvov et al, , 1976, the United States (Clifford et al, 1971;Yunker et al, 1973) and Canada (Main et al, 1973;Main et al, 1976b). Following these studies, investigations continued with new arbovirus isolations in Macquarie Island in Australia (Doerthy et al, 1975), Norway (Traavik et al, 1977;Saikku et al, 1980), Denmark (Main, 1978) and Scotland (Main et al, 1976a).…”

“…In addition to birds, this tick has also been found as an occasional parasite of some mammal species (Eley, 1977;Jaenson and Jensen, 2007;Baggs et al, 2011) including humans (Martyn, 1988;Keirans and Lacombe, 1998;Smith et al, 2006;Jaenson and Jensen, 2007;Richter et al, 2013) and several bacterial species (Chastel et al, 1993;Olsen et al, 1993;Duneau et al, 2008;Duron et al, 2014) and viruses (Lvov et al, 1972a(Lvov et al, , 1972b(Lvov et al, , 1973a(Lvov et al, , 1973b(Lvov et al, , 1976(Lvov et al, , 1990Main et al, 1973Main et al, , 1976aMain et al, , 1976bYunker et al, 1973;Main, 1978;Saikku et al, 1980;Nuttall, 1984;Moss et al, 1986;Chastel et al, 1993;Labuda and Nuttall, 2004;Major et al, 2009) have been detected infecting it. Indeed, the majority of known tick-borne viruses have been isolated from I. uriae (Nuttall, 1984).…”

Circumpolar diversification of the Ixodes uriae tick virome

“…From northern Sweden we identified Avalon virus (Bunyaviridae) and Okhotskiy virus (Reoviridae), previously isolated from Ix. uriae from the Great island, Newfoundland, Canada, and from islands around the sea of Okhotsk, respectively [29][30][31]. The finding of Avalon virus, Gadgets Gully virus, Okhotskiy virus and Taggert virus at these new locations again indicates that there has been widespread geographical dispersal of viruses within each hemisphere.…”

Characterisation of putative novel tick viruses and zoonotic risk prediction

“…megnini (Palacios et al, 2011) Partial genome ? 1878 (L'vov, Timopheeva, et al, 1973) I. uriae (Pettersson et al, 2020) Northern Sweden, Okhotsk (Pettersson et al, 2020) Available sequence…”