Okadaic acid as the causative toxin of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning in Europe.

“…Phone: +44 28 9097 6562. toxin varies in each occurrence and usually includes complex mixtures of toxins. OA is found worldwide but is reported to be the dominant OA-group toxin in Europe, 16 whereas outbreaks of DSP in Japan have mainly been associated with DTX-1. 17 DTX-2 has been reported in shellfish from Spain, Portugal, and Norway, 18 and in Ireland there are reports of higher levels of DTX-2 than OA.…”

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confidence: 99%

Development and Single-Laboratory Validation of a Pseudofunctional Biosensor Immunoassay for the Detection of the Okadaic Acid Group of Toxins

et al. 2009

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A rapid analytical optical biosensor-based immunoassay was developed and validated for the detection of okadaic acid (OA) and its structurally related toxins from shellfish matrix. The assay utilizes a monoclonal antibody which binds to the OA group of toxins in order of their toxicities, resulting in a pseudofunctional assay. Single-laboratory validation of the assay for quantitative detection of OA determined that it has an action limit of 120 μg/kg, a limit of detection of 31 μg/kg, and a working range of 31−174 μg/kg. The midpoint on the standard matrix calibration curve is 80 μg/kg, half the current regulatory limit. Inter- and intra-assay studies of negative mussel samples spiked with various OA concentrations produced average coefficient of variation (CV) and standard deviation (SD) values of 7.9 and 10.1, respectively. The assay was also validated to confirm the ability to accurately codetect and quantify dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1), DTX-2, and DTX-3 from shellfish matrix. Alkaline hydrolysis was not required for the detection of DTX-3 from matrix. Excellent correlations with the data generated by the biosensor method and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) were obtained using a certified reference material (R 2 = 0.99), laboratory reference material, and naturally contaminated mussel samples (R 2 = 0.97). This new procedure could be used as a rapid screening procedure replacing animal-based tests for DSP toxins.

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“…OA accumulates in the hepatopancreas of bivalves (Murakami et al, 1982;Kumagai et al, 1986) that are also potentially cocontaminated by environmental pollutants such as heavy metals (including Mercury, Cadmium, and Chromium). OA is known to be a potent inhibitor of serine/ threonine phosphatases (Bagu et al, 1997;Biolojan and Takai, 1998) and a specific inhibitor of protein synthesis through hyperphosphorylation of elongation factor EF2 (Matias et al, 1996(Matias et al, , 1999a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown that OA is widely distributed in mammals after consumption (Matias et al, 1999b), the main effects being in the intestinal tract where it is responsible for DSP (Kumagai et al, 1986;Sueoka and Fujiki, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of a marine toxin and seafood contaminant metal ions (chromium and cadmium)

Souid-Mensi

Moukha

Maaroufi

et al. 2008

Environmental Toxicology

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Algal bloom with consequent production of marine toxins contaminating bivalves is increasing in costal regions worldwide because of sea water quality worsening. Contamination of seafood by diarrheic shellfish poisoning toxins (DSP) together with metals is frequently reported, a phenomenon not fully explained yet. In this context, metal ions were assayed in clams collected from the banned area of Boughrara, Tunisia, contaminated by Gymnodinium and other algae such as Dinophysis sp, accumulated by these bivalves. The presence of toxic metals ions such as Chromium (Cr) and Cadmium (Cd) in meat, shells, and water released by the clams prompted us to experiment in Caco-2 intestinal cell line toxic effects of these heavy metals ions in combination with okadaic acid, one DSP present in clams to assess the potential global toxicity. Cr and Cd produce additive effects in (i) reactive oxygen species production, (ii) cytotoxicity as assessed by the mitochondrial activity testing method (MTT test), and (iii) DNA lesions evaluated by agarose gel electrophoresis and acridine orange staining. Exaggerated DNA fragmentation is observed, suggesting an overloading of repair capacity of Caco-2 cells. The apoptosis suggested by a DNA fragment sizing (180-200 bp) in agarose gel and mechanisms underlying these additive effects in Caco-2 cells still need to be more comprehensively explained.

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Okadaic acid as the causative toxin of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning in Europe.

Abstract: The toxic principle in mussels collected in France, Sweden, the Netherlands, and Spain that caused diarrhetic shellfish poisoning was identified to be okadaic acid by its chromatographic properties and spectral data.

Cited by 110 publications

References 1 publication

Induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity in mouse skin by a possible tumor promoter, okadaic acid.

Induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity in mouse skin by a possible tumor promoter, okadaic acid.

Development and Single-Laboratory Validation of a Pseudofunctional Biosensor Immunoassay for the Detection of the Okadaic Acid Group of Toxins

Combined cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of a marine toxin and seafood contaminant metal ions (chromium and cadmium)

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